, Volume 32 Issue 5
    

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    石油地质研究
  • Natural gas play targets in Gulong area,Songliao Basin
    HOU Qijun
    , 2005, 32(5): 1148-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    The boundary faults controlling the fault depressions in Songliao Basin underwent the complicated developing process, and all of the big boundary faults developed from the independent stages to the interaction and interlinked stages of the respective sections. The complicated dynamic processes controlled the different fault depression structures. Compared with the boundary faults in the Xujiaweizi area, most of the developing levels are low in Gulong. The fault-depressions in the Gulong area are distributed discontinuously with small sedimentary rates, and there is no extensive source rock. The source rock exists in the isolated small fault depressions. The source dominating reservoir suggests that the potential favorable areas of the natural gas plays in the Gulong area should be located in the Maoxing fault depression, big fault depression in the south, and the key play zones should be located in the hemi-deep lake facies of Maoxing fault depression.
  • Sequence stratigraphic framework and model of the continental basins in China
    GU Jiayu; GUO Bincheng and ZHANG Xingyang
    , 2005, 32(5): 1161-0.
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    The geological basements for sequence stratigraphy of continental and marine basins are different in structure, sediment, main controlling factors of sequence formation, hydrocarbon generation and migration, etc. New concepts and methods must be introduced into the study of sequence stratigraphy in continental basins to classify and compare sequences, and to buildup isochronous frameworks and models. The concept of condensed body, main controlling factors of lacustrine sedimentary sequence, classification of system tracts, and research methods of continental sequence stratigraphy are discussed. Based on the analysis of the sequence features in all kinds of continental basins, together with exploration situation in continental basins of recent years and the possibility to establish continental basin sequence stratigraphic models, the continental basins are divided into 2 or 3 system tracts according to the existence of slop breaks. And different sequence stratigraphic frameworks and models are set up for the 3 types of continental basins-rifted basins, depressed basins and intracontinental foreland basins, providing theoretical basis for oil exploration in continental basins.
    • 专家论坛
  • Basic theoretical questions of oil generation in petroleum plays: discussing with oil inorganogenic theorists
    HUANG Difan and LIANG Digang
    , 2005, 32(5): 1164-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    In view of challenges of inorganic oil generating theorists to traditional organic generating theory, some basic theoretical questions are discussed including modern hydrocarbon generating theoretical systems and their scientific and practical significations for hydrocarbon explorations. The understandings about the generation and origin of Ordos gas field, inorganic origin of gas, the giant oilfield (Daqing) in China, bedrock oil traps and immature oils are also presented and discussed, and based on these the authors have a polemic with some Chinese inorganic generating theorists.
    • 石油地质研究
  • Sand bodies and their reservoir quality in the Silurian Kepingtage Formation in Tazhong area，Tarim Basin
    ZHU Rukai; GUO Hongli; HE Dongbo; GAO Zhiyong; LUO Ping; WANG Xuesong and ZHANG Xingyang
    , 2005, 32(5): 1165-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    In the Silurian Kepingtage Formation in Tazhong area, Tarim Basin, the lower bitumen-bearing sandstone interval is a shore-neritic depositional system and controlled by storm under transgression. The upper bitumen-bearing sandstone interval is mainly a tidal flat depositional system with some foreshore and nearshore facies laterally contacted or vertically lapped. The sand bodies in the Kepingtage Formation are shore sand, neritic, flat and tidal channel sand body, respectively. The shore-neritic depositional sand bodies could be the better reservoirs. Depositional process and bitumen-filling degree are the main factors controlling reservoir quality. The bitumen-filling pores are primary pores. There was some extent of secondary maturity of the bitumen, which leads to organic acid related dissolution in the sandstones. The pore types in the current pay layer are primary pore and secondary pore complex. The bitumen is absent in the secondary pores. The shore-neritic sandbodies are the important sandstones in lithologic-stratigraphic traps in this area.
  • Oil and gas migration and accumulation and reservoir formation in Jialingjiang Formation of Luzhou paleo-uplift
    LI Yan-jun; LI Qirong; YANG Jian; ZHU Xiaohui and WANG Tingdong
    , 2005, 32(5): 1166-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Based on the research of hydrocarbon sources, with the help of microscopic observation of asphaltine in thin section of core, liquid inclusion analysis as well as its homogenous temperature research, in combination with thermal evolution history and paleo-temperature history of source rock,and according to the stage theory of hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation, it is found that there is a paleo-reservoir accumulated in the core of Luzhou paleo-uplift during Indosinian orogeny. The deep and huge faults and base-rock faults as well as the associated faults connecting Jialingjiang Formation with the underlying source rock acted as the major channel for hydrocarbon to migrate and accumulate, and the hydrocarbon-source faults for oil and gas reservoir. There are three key episodes of oil and gas accumulations in the study area, including Middle Triassic, Middle Jurassic and Late Cretaceous. The author establishes and illustrates the oil and gas reservoir formation model of Jialingjiang Formation in Luzhou paleo-uplift.
  • Comparative studies of reservoir formed conditions of Bohai Bay and Ordos Basin
    ZHANG Yingli and ZHAO Changyi
    , 2005, 32(5): 1167-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    A comparative study of Upper Paleozoic oil-gas reservoir formed conditions of the Bohai Bay and Ordos Basin shows that their patterns are very similar because there is little difference in thickness of source rocks and type of organic matter. Secondary hydrocarbon generation only occurred in the Bohai Bay Basin, while there only existed one in the Ordos Basin, NW China,due to high evolution of organic matter. Reservoirs in both basins are characterized by low porosity and low permeability, and oil and gas could be well sealed by the cap rocks, resulting in the formation of different types of oil-gas reservoirs. The oil and gas in Ordos Basin was mainly preserved in lithologic traps and the future plays of the Bohai Bay Basin should be focused on the Upper Paleozoic lithologic traps.
  • Origin and reservoir performance of dolomite of E32 reservoir, Gasikule, Qinghai Oilfield
    CAI Yi and XIONG Qihua
    , 2005, 32(5): 1168-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    The space distribution, petrologic features, sediment environment, formation mechanism and storage ability of the lacustrine dolomites in E32 reservoir, Gasikule, Qinghai Oilfield, show that dolomite reservoir is of pene-contemporaneous origin, which is mainly formed under shore lake, shallow lake and half deep lake condition. The shore lake section is mainly formed by capillary process, shallow lake and half deep lake sections are formed by refluence osmosis process. The reservoir is of double porosity with matrix pores and fractures as storage spaces, and better oil and gas reservoirs have been proved by petroleum plays.
  • Geochemical characteristics of natural gas migration in Pinghu gas field, East China Sea
    FU Ning; LI Youchuan; LIU Dong and ZHOU Li
    , 2005, 32(5): 1169-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    The geochemical parameters of natural gas migration in the Pinghu gas field, Xihu Sag, East China Sea, suggest that low molecular n-alkane, isoalkanes, aromatics, carbon isotopic compositions and non-hydrocarbon gas content could be used as geochemical parameters of the natural gas migration. The vertical variations of these parameters indicate a vertical migration feature of natural gases in the Pinghu gas field. According to the regularity of their vertical changes, the migrating directions of natural gases in Pinghu Sag are from Well PHB to Well PHF in the Bajiaoting structure, from Well PHA to Well PHD, then further to Well PHE in the Fangheting structure. Pinghu fault is the main passage for the vertical migration of oil and gas.
  • Detailed architecture analyses of debouch bar in Shengtuo Oilfield, Jiyang Depression
    HE Wenxiang; WU Shenghe; TANG Yijiang; FANG Hui; WANG Zhixin and XU Huaimin
    , 2005, 32(5): 1170-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    The architecture analyses and high-resolution sequence stratigraphic theories are applied to synthetically study the architecture of debouch bar in Shengtuo Oilfield,Jiyang Depression, in which the debouch bar is identified as a three-grade sand body consisting of combined debouch bar, single debouch bar and inner accretion layering of debouch bar, whose developments are controlled by the middle base, short base and ultra short base level cycles, respectively. The Es28 Formation is subdivided into three middle base level cycles and constructs three sets of reversed grading combined debouch bars. The middle cycle consists of several short cycles that form the single debouch bar. The later debouch bar overlaps the former, forming a serial of sand bodies inclining to the basin. The inner single debouch bar develops accretion sand bodies. There are horizontal barrier beds in combined debouch bar, while the single debouch bar develops oblique barrier beds and local accretion sand develops oblique or horizontal barrier beds, which greatly influence the remaining oil distribution. The architecture model of debouch bar is established.
  • A special sedimentary phenomenon in Qing 3 segment of Dabusu, south Songliao Basin
    JIANG Tao; CAO Laisheng; PAN Hongwei; XU Yingxin and YU Jingbo
    , 2005, 32(5): 1171-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Many good oil and gas shows are found in thick sand of Qingshankou Formation in Dabusu, located in the south Songliao Basin and with potential of hydrocarbon accumulating. The sand body is developed as strong amplitude echo on seismic section and has a banding distribution with two sets direction on plane. 3-D seismic and exploratory well information,synthetic seismogram calibration and horizon comparion of well-tie 3-D seismic information suggest that the sand developed in the bottom of the Qing 3 segment. Comparing 2-D and 3-D cross line, filtering two steps F-K, scanning seismic coherency cube and time slices, and contrasting with adjacent area show that the probability of seismic footprint could be negated. Sedimentary micro-facies indicate that the sand body was mainly a channel sand of deltaic front, in which the long and straight channel was developed in a special sedimentary environment, with a thick superjacent mudstone and the major oil controlling structure, and the facies changing also controls the oil and gas accumulation.
  • Diagenesis of continental quartzite reservoirs in the PY30-1 gas field, Peal River Mouth Basin
    JIANG Hui; YU Xinghe; SHI Hesheng and HOU Guowei
    , 2005, 32(5): 1172-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    The PY30-1 gas field, found in the east of South China Sea, has 30 billion cubic meters reserves. Based on the data of core, slice, SEM, XRD, the reservoir characteristics and diagenesis of well PY30-1-3, located in this gas field, are studied. According to the latest classified criterion on diagenetic stage of clastic reservoirs, layer SB13.8, one of the two main producing layers, consists in feeble alkal formation water which is unsealed and belongs to stage B in early diagenesis with weak cementation and feeble diagenesis. Layer pay zone MFS18.5 consists in feeble acid formation water which is closed relatively and belongs to stage A in middle diagenesis. The augment of temperature accelerates the process of erosion, which provides sufficient and indispensable conditions for deuterogenous pore zones. The diagenetic pattern of continental reservoirs of quartzite is established.
  • Difference of reservoir microscopic features of the quartz sandstone and litharenite of the 2nd Member of Shanxi Formation, Upper Paleozoic in middle east Ordos Basin
    LIU Ruie; SUN Fenjin; WEI Xiaofeng; SHAN Xiuqin; ZHAO Hong and LIN Jie
    , 2005, 32(5): 1173-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    By the analysis of a lot of slice-observing, SEM and cathode luminescence, combining with the physical property of reservoir and the mercury intrusion curve, the difference of reservoir microscopic features between quartz sandstone and litharenite of 2nd Member of Shanxi Formation, Upper Paleozoic,middle east Ordos Basin, indicates that the quartz sandstone has the high quartz, low matrix, low soft lithoclast and few feldspar,and that the litharenite has the property of low quartz, high matrix, high soft lithoclast and a little feldspar. The obvious surface difference between the quartz sandstone and litharenite shows that the quartz sandstone is deposited slowly in clear water and high energy environment, and it possesses a complex porosity combination and gives priority to intragranular pores, it has broad prospects for explorations. The litharenite is the sediment of mixed water, low energy environment and weak chemical effett of the earth's surface, is quickly buried, with bad porosity,
  • Integrated remote sensing hydrocarbon exploration in Eastern Qaidam Basin
    WANG Guihong; MA Lining; XIA Xianghua; ZHANG Youyan; YANG Shu; ZHANG Zongyuan; LIU Zhiqiang and LIU Mingde
    , 2005, 32(5): 1174-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Gas fields in eastern Qaidam Basin are low amplitude structures, which are not shown well in seismic profiles because gas levels, the shallow gas and surface salt fens can result in low velocity effect on normal lines. The Quaternary gas structures were synsedimentarily developed. The enhancement methods are presented and used for interpreting several structures on landsat images. The surface geochemical exploration and magnetic sampling of the Sebei 1 gas field and the newly found Danan 4 show that the Danan 4 structure has similar geochemistry anomaly with that of Sebei 1, and soil magnetic data suggests that Danan 4 structure may be developed with basement uplifted. Seismic data illustrate that several events have pull-down effects on a cross line, and that a low amplitude structure displays on the main profile of Danan 4. The comprehensive analysis shows that Danan 4 should be a gas field controlled by low amplitude structure with NWW axis.
    • 综合勘探开发技术
  • Technical countermeasure of seismic imaging for complex structure in foreland overthrust belt
    ZHANG Yan; XU Ling and CHEN Likang
    , 2005, 32(5): 1175-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Seismic imaging in foreland overthrust belt has become a key to oil & gas exploration. Tough surface relief, low signal to noise ratio, and complex geological structure are three key factors that limit pre-stack depth migration application, of them the tough relief is the core problem. It is recognized that pre-stack depth migration from topography is an effective method to deal with this issue. In practice, there are some difficulties in processing this kind of pre-stack depth migration from topography. The authors are trying to explore an integrated method including static correction and pre-stack depth migration. Topography-oriented residual static correction and pre-stack depth migration are the technical developing trend for complex structure imaging of foreland overthrust.
  • Synthetic prediction of carbonate fracture-pore reservoir：An example from T1j22 reservoir in the Dachiganjing structural belt
    CAI Zhengqi; ZHANG Rongyi; ZHENG Chao; ZHU Shijun; QIN Qirong and ZHOU Jishuang
    , 2005, 32(5): 1176-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    The T1j22 reservoir in Dachiganjing structural belt belongs to carbonate rock with fractured-porous double media. The effect of popular methods of comprehensive prediction (i.e. combined seismic methods) is usually worse. Beginning with predicting fractured-porous double media reservoir, the preliminary choices of methods were made and the sensibility of the chosen methods was examined and improved, then a comprehensive prediction was conducted by using the curvature method, finite element simulation of tectonic stress and seismic method, including the inversion of seismic speed, seismic attribute analysis and interpretation of shifting profile. According to the prediction reliability, the reservoirs are divided into Type Ⅰ with the highest reliability distributed in the overlapping scope resulting from prediction of three methods, and Type Ⅱ with higher reliability distributed in the overlapping scope resulting from prediction of curvature and finite element methods, or distributed in the overlapping scope from the prediction of abnormal seismic profile. The prediction of the comprehensive prediction is much better than that of the single or simple combined method, and the method is better for predicting fractured-porous reservoir of carbonate rock.
  • Key formation conditions of coal-derived oilfields
    GUO Chunqing
    , 2005, 32(5): 1177-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    The formation conditions of coal-derived oilfields are rigorous and restricted by various factors. The favorable conditions are that the coal-measuring is deposited in lacustrine or inter-deltaic paludal facies with better maceral composition and suitable geochemical conditions, low evolution degree and better pore configuration underwent proper geological agent. The most direct markers should be the typical organic geochemical features of coal-derived oil, including extraordinarily high content of saturated hydrocarbons, high ratio of saturated/aromatic hydrocarbons, low content of nonhydrocarbons and asphaltene, sterane and terpane distribution indicating biological source from higher plants, low maturity and oxidative sedimentary environment and richness in heavy carbon isotope.
  • Application of shear wave anisotropy in fractural carbonate reservoir evaluation
    ZHAO Jun; FU Haicheng; ZHANG Yongzhong; LI Weiyan and HE Zongbin
    , 2005, 32(5): 1178-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Generally, fractural formation is anisotropy and is a big challenge for evaluating reservoirs. According to the phenomenon of the fast and slow shear wave, the degree of anisotropy can be showed by using the information drawn from DSI image data. The density and gaping degree of fractures are related with the degree of anisotropy, so the effectiveness of fracture can be evaluated. Through application in fractural reservoir of Lungu region in Tarim Basin, the fracture effectiveness could be qualitatively analyzed by using the features of shear wave division, and could be used for searching for high production well and oil and gas testing.
  • Applied seismic forward modeling (part Ⅰ): Accurate interpretation of the Donghe sandstone pinchout by
    Ben F Mclean; DAI Jinxing and LUO Ping
    , 2005, 32(5): 1179-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Post-stack seismic forward modeling can be used to better interpret seismic data in gently dipping geologies and characterize geological body of even sub-seismic resolution by revealing the characteristic seismic responses. The Donghe sandstone of the Tarim Basin is a known oil reservoir with widespread but irregular lateral distribution. Because of the limit of the seismic resolution, it is difficult to delineate the spatial distribution of the sandstone. Post-stack seismic forward modeling on the Donghe sandstone pinchout distribution shows characteristic responses on synthetic seismic data of first amplitude enhancement and then decay, and false dip and pushup of overlying reflections. These indicators form an interpretation tool for locating the Donghe sandstone pinchout on seismic. Figure 5 reference 10
  • Thin reservoir prediction of the Dalujia Block, Jiyang Depression
    GUO Qingpeng; JIN Zhenkui; CAO Zhijun; HOU Zhansheng and CHENG Tongjun
    , 2005, 32(5): 1180-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Under the conditions of thin interbedding sandstone and mudstone, constrained by the interpreted seismic layers, taking acoustic curve-reconstruction as the base, extrapolating and interpolating in the interpreted seismic layers, an initial wave impedance model is generated. Keeping on modifying the initial model until the synthetic seismic traces approach the real seismic traces. The method could combine the seismic data with the logging data efficiently,making full use of the stratigraphic information, improving the seismic resolution. A good effect has been achieved in the thin reservoir prediction of the Dalujia Block in the Linpan Oilfield, Jiyang Depression.
  • Multiple-discipline research on hydrocarbon reservoirs based on Geographic Information System(GIS)
    WU Dongsheng; ZHU Xiaolong; LIU Shaohua; CHEN Huajun and WANG Qing
    , 2005, 32(5): 1181-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Multiple-discipline research on hydrocarbon reservoirs should be used for solving the integrated management, synthesized display, comprehensive analysis and evaluation of multiple-discipline data and achievements from multiple resources. GIS is a computer system that can collect, store, manage and analyze spatial data and their property information that are independent but interrelated, and offer information and decision-making support for resource planning, management and research. The authors put forward a scheme of multidiscipline research based on GIS with unified geographic coordinate; the storage and management of spatial data can be realized by using GIS, the data and achievement maps can be displayed synthetically by using the methods of fold display of graph layer, special topic graphs, 3D visualization,etc. The comprehensive and quantitative analysis of the multiple-discipline data and achievements can be realized by using space fold analysis of vector and grid data. The method has been used successfully in the exploration of lithologic reservoirs in Dainan Formation, Jinhu Sag, Subei Basin, for evaluating oil and gas accumulation zone, locating exploration area, finely predicting lithologic traps and describing reservoirs. Establishing the process and software platform on the bases of GIS and technical demands of oil and gas exploration can realize a mutiple-discipline comprehensive research in the true sense.
  • New mapping method on mini-structure in fluvial reservoir
    ZHANG Fengqi; CHEN Qinghua and CHEN Hanlin
    , 2005, 32(5): 1182-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Study on mini-structure is becoming an important method in reservoir description. But its idea of drawing mini-structure is still affected by "lay model", this kind of map cannot describe the real shape of reservoir and its geo-modelmight be disadvantageous for oil developing. A new idea of drawing min-structure is used for emphasizing that the single structure element is the mapping unit in which the geological and logging facies are studied for the fluvial sedimentary reservoir,which could be used for typing structure and correlating the units laterally. The method could be better in embodying the structure and the real shape of reservoir. The mapping could reflect the structure and space characters of sand bodies and is more useful in oil developing.
    • 钻井工程技术
  • Drilling pad optimization for oilfield development by cluster horizontal wells
    GE Yunhua; YAN Aimin; GAO Yongrong and TANG Xueping
    , 2005, 32(5): 1183-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    One of the key issues related to the application of cluster drilling technology to the development of oilfield is to find out the optimum pad number, pad forms and pad locations with minimized investment. The cost effective items involved in the construction of surface facilities and wellbores such as well site and road construction, rig mobilization, flow gathering and metering lines, drilling and well completion, etc, are investigated. A mixed integer non linear mathematic program model with minimized investment is established, where the optimum pad number, pad forms and pad locations for the development of an oilfield are solved. This optimization program is applied to the development of the heavy oilfield, Block MPE-3, Orinoco Belt, Venezuela. In order to find out the optimum pad number, pad forms and pad locations for the 330 horizontal wells proposed by the Oilfield Development Plan of MPE-3, the mathematic program with minimized investment is constructed and successfully solved, which shows that the optimum pad form for the area is 12-well mode, and that 27 drilling pads with different optimum pad forms needed to be constructed over the area at proposed locations based on the local engineering service rates and facilities procurement prices. This successful application shows that it is feasible to construct a mathematic program model with minimized investment to optimize the pad number, pad forms and their locations in the preparation of oilfield development plan by cluster well strategy.
    • 油田开发与油藏工程
  • Well location in water-flooding anisotropic oil reservoirs
    LIU Yuetian
    , 2005, 32(5): 1184-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    The anisotropy of reservoirs has destroying and reconstructing effects on the well networks. The indetermination of the network production effects severely affects the oil production rate and the oil recovery. The well location for development of the anisotropic reservoirs is always a big difficulty. The key to deploying wells is to breakthrough the traditional normal polygonal well network and to establish a deformed well network. The anisotropic reservoir is changed into an equivalent isotropic reservoir by coordinate transform. In order to avoid the network destruction, the injector-producer well lines must be parallel or perpendicular to the principal direction of the anisotropic permeability (i.e. the fracture direction), and in order to optimize the reservoir development effects of the well network, the geometric parameters of the injector-producer unit are calculated from the principal values of the anisotropic permeability.
  • Research of condensate accumulation based on phase change of gas condensate
    TANG Engao; LI Xiangfang; TONG Min and WANG Zhiwei
    , 2005, 32(5): 1185-0.
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    For condensate gas reservoirs producing below the dew-point pressure, condensate accumulates near wellbore, blocking flow channels of condensate gas and decreasing gas effective permeability and productivity. With the continuing of the production, two-phase flow area and condensate blocking area extend outwards. Based on the flow regimes division of Fevang, Whitson, et al, the extension models of the 3 zones in the condensate gas reservoirs under depletion development were derived using the material balance theory and the pseudosteady percolation theory. The alteration of the two-phase flow area and condensate blocking area can be accurately predicted with the models, providing theoretical basis for the reasonable evaluation of the condensate gas productivity.The case study proves the accuracy of the models.
  • Calculating models for heating area of horizontal wellbore in steam stimulation
    NI Xuefeng and CHENG Linsong
    , 2005, 32(5): 1186-0.
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    During the steam stimulation with horizontal wells in heavy oil reservoirs, the heating area of a horizontal wellbore is very important to the productivity evaluation and performance forecast. The steam pressure, temperature and quality are not even along the horizontal wellbore for the horizontal wellbore in the reservoir is much longer than vertical well. Based on the variable-mass flow theory, the distributing models of the steam pressure, temperature and quality in the horizontal wellbore are presented by use of the momentum theorem and energy conservation theorem. The calculating models of heating areas along horizontal wellbores are derived according to the fact that horizontal wellbores are different from vertical wellbores in terms of the heating process and mechanism. The heating area in the horizontal wellbore is calculated with the presented models by the geologic parameters of Block Leng 42 in Liaohe Oilfield. The results show that the steam pressure, temperature, quality and heating area are not even along the horizontal wellbore and that the concepts of the first and second critical time reflects the flow performance of steam in the reservoir.
  • Remaining oil distribution controlled by intercalation in reef limestone reservoir
    YUE Dali; WU Shenghe; LIN Chengyan; WANG Qingru; LI Yan and HENG Liqun
    , 2005, 32(5): 1187-0.
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    The Liuhua 11-1 Oilfield, Zhujiangkou Basin, is bottom water driving massive reef reservoir in the middle development stage, and the intercalations in the reservoir are the main factors affecting the development efficiency and controlling the remaining oil distribution. The genesis and distribution of the intercalations are analyzed on the basis of core, well log, seismic and production data of Liuhua 11-1 Oilfield. Based on the comprehensive analysis of dynamic and static data and the study of intercalations, the remaining oil distributed areas are identified and new sidetrack wells are deployed in the enrichment regions of remaining oil.
  • Influence of rock deformation on the productivity of Well Kela 205, Kela 2 Gas Field, Tarim Basin,NW China
    ZHU Yuxin; XIE Xingli; SONG Wenjie and LI Baozhu
    , 2005, 32(5): 1188-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    In the process of potential test of Well Kela 205, Kela2 Gas Field, Tarim Basin, the producing pressure drop resulted in the elastic-plastic deformation of the reservoir rock, and the permeability decreased with the increase of the pressure drop. Quantitative analyses with the pseudosteady productivity equation and pressure distribution equation reveal that the rock permeability of Well Kela 205 is not sensitive to the stress, and that the productivity of the gas well is not seriously affected by the rock deformation caused by the pressure drop. During the test, the rock deformation built up a permeability drawdown cone around the wellbore of Well Kela 205, but the decline scope is small and its effect on productivity is not serious. The permeability experiments of cores from Well Kela 205, with the effective pressure increase and decrease forming a loop, show that the rock deformation irreversibility is small. The production with a proper small choke may generally restore the permeability damaged in the blowout with a large choke, and the well productivity may not be greatly influenced.
  • Automatic matching for interwell tracer production curve
    FENG Qihong and LI Shuxia
    , 2005, 32(5): 1189-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Based on the theory of convective diffusion, the theoretical equation for interwell tracer production concentration is derived by the stream tube method. The conventional interpretation method yields low interpretation accuracy as it needs artificial adjustment of interwell and injection parameters to match the production curve. The genetic algorithm is used to establish a new interpretation model, which automatically matches the interwell tracer production curve. Given ranges of the parameters, the production curve may be automatically matched without artificial adjustment. The application results show that the model converges quickly with high interpretation accuracy.
  • Pilot test of indigenous microorganism flooding in Kongdian Oilfield
    FENG Qingxian; YANG Huaijun; Nazina T N; WANG Jianqiang; SHE Yuehui and NI Fangtian
    , 2005, 32(5): 1190-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Indigenous microbial flooding technology utilizes the bacteria existing in the reservoir (indigenous microorganism). With residual oil near injection wells as carbon source, together with additional basic nutrients mixed with air, the useful indigenous microbes are activated to multiply and metabolize rapidly. The microorganisms decompose crude oil, produce flooding agents and improve reservoir ecosystem and properties of formation water and oil, thus the residual oil flow property is promoted and oil recovery enhanced. The technology is different from the MEOR which is widely carried out in the present. Based on the research of reservoir geology, the analyses of development situation and bio-chemical parameters, and the feasi- bility study on indigenous microbial flooding, the pilot test program was determined for the high porosity-permeability bottom water heavy oil reservoir in the No.2 Block of Kongdian area, Dagang Oilfield. The test with the injection of nutrient-air mixture was carried out in March, 2001, and lasted for 3 years. Field performance monitoring and production tracking results show: ① the indigenous bacteria were activated with the number increased 3-7 orders compared with pre-test, the methane metabolization rate increased 4-78 times, concentration of metabolites increased 16-208 times and sulfate reduction rate increased with no produce of H2S; ②properties of oil and formation water were improved; ③oil and gas production increased in wells, and total oil increase was 17,866t up to Feb., 2005.The Indigenous Microbial Flooding Technology is successfully used in Kongdian Oilfield, which would serve as an example to EOR development of old oilfields in high water cut stage.
    • 国际交流与合作
  • Oil geochemical characteristics in the Kashan Block, Iran
    LI Zheng; XU Xingyou; SONG Lailiang; CHEN Zhilin; LIU Qing and WANG Yu-rong
    , 2005, 32(5): 1191-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    The maturated oil with a high yield is found for the first time in the Kashan Block, Iran.The oil mature parameter indicates that the oil is at the generation peak and equal to a stage of Ro from 0.8％ to 1.0％. The whole oil δ13C value is -20.7‰. The features of the biomarkers in the oil are of relatively low abundance of isoprenoidies, and no preference between pristane and phytane. There are significant amounts of C30 hopane, relatively high abundance of Ts, C30-diahopane and certain abundance of gammacerane in terpanes, and significant proportion of C27 sterane, high concentration of diacholestane and greater proportion of isocholestane to cholestane in steranes. The characteristics show that the oil derives from neritic sediment and has a certain migration effect.
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