珠江口盆地白云凹陷古近系恩平组源-汇体系动态恢复&#x02014;&#x02014;来自地层正演模拟的启示

高建磊; 刘可禹

doi:10.11698/PED.20250540

石油勘探与开发 >

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.11698/PED.20250540

珠江口盆地白云凹陷古近系恩平组源-汇体系动态恢复——来自地层正演模拟的启示

高建磊 ,
刘可禹

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1.中国石油大学（华东）深层油气全国重点实验室,山东青岛 266580;
2.中国石油大学（华东）地球科学与技术学院,山东青岛 266580;
3.崂山实验室,山东青岛 266071

高建磊（1991-）,男,山东东营人,中国石油大学（华东）地球科学与技术学院在读博士研究生,主要从事沉积过程定量模拟与实验研究。地址：山东省青岛市黄岛区长江西路66号,中国石油大学工科楼C座,邮政编码：266580。E-mail：Jianleigao@outlook.com

收稿日期: 2025-10-04

修回日期: 2025-12-25

网络出版日期: 2026-01-14

基金资助

基金委特提斯地球动力系统重大研究计划（92055204）; 中国科学院“智能导钻”A类先导项目（XDA14010401）; 中海油白云凹陷古近系油气富集规律及有利区带优选研究（CCL2021SKPS0118）

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Dynamic reconstruction of the source-to-sink system of the Paleogene Enping Formation in the Baiyun Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin: Insights from stratigraphic forward modelling

GAO Jianlei ,
LIU Keyu

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1. National Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China;
2. School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China;
3. Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266071, China

Received date: 2025-10-04

Revised date: 2025-12-25

Online published: 2026-01-14

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摘要

鉴于传统源-汇体系分析方法难以表征深时多物源沉积过程及不同物源贡献的时空演化,以珠江口盆地白云凹陷古近系恩平组为例,基于地层正演模拟（Stratigraphic Forward Modeling,简称SFM）,提出一种多物源源-汇系统动态定量分析方法。该方法利用模型内置的“时空物源标签”功能,为各物源沉积物赋予时间-物源标记,使不同来源的沉积贡献在模拟地层中留下可识别的“标签”,从而实现了各物源贡献的直接精准追踪与高时空分辨率定量分析。通过对珠江口盆地白云凹陷5口覆盖近源至远源的虚拟井进行分析,模拟结果量化展示了各物源在不同位置和不同时期的沉积贡献比例变化,并验证了方法的可操作性和精度。模拟得到的三维沉积分布与实测地层数据高度吻合,验证了模型的可靠性。模拟结果显示,恩平组沉积体系经历了显著的时空转换：恩平组沉积晚期以凹陷北部远端供砂为主导,沉积中心向北部深水区迁移,同时形成了向凹陷内部大规模进积的三角洲砂体。模拟的三维沉积体分布表明,白云凹陷深水相区可能广泛存在大范围分布的优质储层砂体,可作为未来勘探的关键目标。与传统静态分析方法相比,基于SFM的动态模拟显著提高了源-汇分析的时空分辨率,并定量揭示了沉积体系对构造活动、基准面升降等外部驱动因素的响应特征。该方法为复杂深时多物源体系的研究提供了全新的定量框架,有望为深水少井区的储层预测与勘探部署提供有效的技术支持。

关键词： 源-汇系统; 地层正演模拟; 储层预测; 深水勘探; 白云凹陷; 古近系恩平组

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高建磊 , 刘可禹 . 珠江口盆地白云凹陷古近系恩平组源-汇体系动态恢复——来自地层正演模拟的启示[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 0 : 2 -2 . DOI: 10.11698/PED.20250540

Abstract

Traditional source-to-sink analyses cannot effectively characterize deep-time sedimentary processes involving multiple sediment sources and the spatial-temporal evolution of contributions from different sources. In this study, a dynamic, quantitative source-to-sink analysis approach using stratigraphic forward modeling (SFM) is proposed, and it is applied to the Paleogene Enping Formation in the Baiyun Sag, the Pearl River Mouth Basin. The model’s built-in spatio-temporal provenance tagging assigns a unique time-source label to sediments from each provenance, making each source’s contribution identifiably "labeled" in the simulated formation, and thus enabling a direct precise tracking and high temporal-spatial resolution quantification of such contributions. Five pseudo-wells (from proximal to distal locations) in the Baiyun Sag were analyzed. The simulation results quantitatively represent the varied proportion of each source’s contribution at different locations and in different periods and verify the proposed approach's operability and accuracy. The simulated 3D deposit distribution shows a high agreement with the measured stratigraphic data, validating the model’s reliability. Results reveal significant spatio-temporal changes in the Enping sedimentary system. In the late stage of Enping Formation deposition, a distal source supply from the northern part of the sag became dominant, the depocenter migrated northward to the deepwater area, and large-scale deltaic sand bodies extensively progradating into the sag were formed. The modeled 3D deposit distribution indicates that extensive high-quality reservoir sandstones are likely present across the deepwater area of the Baiyun Sag, which are identified as key exploration targets. Compared to traditional static approaches, the SFM-based dynamic simulation markedly enhances the spatio-temporal resolution of source-to-sink analysis and quantitatively captures the sedimentary system’s responses to tectonic activity, base-level fluctuations and other external drivers. The proposed approach provides a novel quantitative framework for investigating complex, deep-time, multi-source, systems, and offers an effective tool for reservoir prediction and exploration planning in under-explored deepwater areas.

Key words： source-to-sink system; stratigraphic forward modeling; reservoir prediction; deepwater exploration; Paleogene Enping Formation in the Baiyun Sag

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