石油勘探与开发 >

0 20260204 - 20260204

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11698/PED.20250339

陆相分流河道砂体地震预测方法——分方位高分辨率处理、多属性融合和变尺度反演

  • 徐立恒 ,
  • 罗庆 ,
  • 宋微 ,
  • 李红星 ,
  • 黄勇 ,
  • 郭亚杰 ,
  • 孙衍民 ,
  • 刘朋坤
展开
  • 1.大庆油田勘探开发研究院,黑龙江大庆 163712;
    2.中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083
徐立恒（1980-）,男,黑龙江勃利人,博士,大庆油田有限责任公司勘探开发研究院教授级高级工程师,主要从事油藏地球物理与开发地质研究工作。地址：黑龙江省大庆市让胡路区科苑路18号,大庆油田勘探开发研究院,邮政编码：163712。Email:daqing_daruo@163.com

收稿日期: 2025-06-15

  修回日期: 2025-12-20

  网络出版日期: 2026-01-12

基金资助

国家科技重大专项“整装特高含水油藏提高采收率技术与集成示范”（2025ZD1407000）; 中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大科技专项“中高渗油田特高含水期大幅度提高采收率技术研究”（2023ZZ22）

收起

Seismic prediction methods for continental narrow and stacked channel sands: Azimuth- preserved high-resolution processing, multi-attribute fusion, and multi-scale inversion

  • XU Liheng ,
  • LUO Qing ,
  • SONG Wei ,
  • LI Hongxing ,
  • HUANG Yong ,
  • GUO Yajie ,
  • SUN Yanmin ,
  • LIU Pengkun
Expand
  • 1. Exploration and Development Research Institute, PetroChina Daqing Oilfield Company, Daqing 163712, China;
    2. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, China

Received date: 2025-06-15

  Revised date: 2025-12-20

  Online published: 2026-01-12

Fold

摘要

针对陆相老油田面临的河道砂体空间展布复杂、剩余油挖潜难度大等诸多油气开发挑战,聚焦窄小河道边界模糊、多期叠置砂体分期困难等储层识别关键难题,以大庆长垣萨中油田上白垩统陆相砂岩为对象,研发“分方位高分辨处理-多属性融合-变尺度反演”三位一体技术体系,探索从地震处理到储层预测、再到剩余油挖潜实践的全链条技术路径。研究表明：①针对窄薄砂体边界地震响应弱的难题,首次将方位保真（Offset Vector Tile,OVT）地震处理技术从断裂成像领域拓展至砂体预测领域,建立了基于地质目标的OVT向量片划分方法,大幅提升了砂体成像精度,使河道砂体识别宽度突破至50 m;②针对井间窄小河道边界预测难题,提出振幅-相干双属性融合方法,在沉积单元级等时格架约束下可精准刻画800~2 000 m延伸、具分叉-合并特征的条带状水下分流河道;③针对多期河道叠置难题,突破单一尺度建模局限,构建砂岩组（8~10 m）、小层（4~5 m）、沉积单元（2~5 m）三级变尺度地层模型,通过三维反演河道可成功描述曲流河“截弯取直”等关键沉积构型特征。基于上述3项技术突破,构建地震预测与剩余油挖潜直连的开发应用模式,并在研究区依据窄小河道预测结果部署水平井,水平段含油砂岩钻遇率高达97%,单井初期日产油12.5 t;通过对17条复合砂体内部单一河道边界的精准识别,指导了135口井挖潜措施的实施,单井平均日增油2.8 t,累计增油13.6×104 t。

关键词： 方位保真处理; 多属性融合; 变尺度反演; 河道砂体储层预测; 剩余油; 白垩系; 萨中油田; 松辽盆地

本文引用格式

徐立恒 , 罗庆 , 宋微 , 李红星 , 黄勇 , 郭亚杰 , 孙衍民 , 刘朋坤 . 陆相分流河道砂体地震预测方法——分方位高分辨率处理、多属性融合和变尺度反演[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 0 : 20260204 -20260204 . DOI: 10.11698/PED.20250339

Abstract

To address the challenges of complex fluvial sandbody distribution and difficult remaining oil recovery in mature continental oilfields, this study focuses on key issues such as ambiguous narrow-channel boundaries and subdivision of multi-stage superimposed sandbodies. Taking the Upper Cretaceous continental sandstone in the Sazhong Oilfield of the Daqing Placanticline as an example, a technical system integrating azimuth-preserved high-resolution processing, multi-attribute fusion, and variable-scale inversion was developed to establish a complete workflow from seismic processing to reservoir prediction and remaining oil recovery. The following results are obtained. First, the OVT seismic processing technology is extended, for the first time, from fracture imaging to sandbody prediction, in order to address the weak seismic responses from boundaries of narrow and thin sandbodies. A geology-oriented OVT partitioning method is developed to significantly improve the imaging accuracy, enabling identification of channel sandbodies as narrow as 50 m. Second, an amplitude-coherence dual-attribute fusion method is proposed for predicting narrow channel boundaries between wells. Constrained by a sedimentary unit-level sequence chronostratigraphic framework, this method accurately delineates 800-2 000 m long subaqueous distributary channels with bifurcation-convergence features. Third, considering the superimposition of multi-stage channels, a three-level variable-scale stratigraphic model (sandstone groups: 8-10 m; sublayers: 4-5 m; sedimentary units: 2-5 m) is constructed to overcome single-scale modeling limitations, successfully characterizing key sedimentary features like meandering river “cut-offs” through 3D inversion. Based on these advances, a direct link between seismic prediction and remaining oil recovery is established. Horizontal wells deployed using narrow-channel predictions encountered oil-bearing sandstones in the horizontal section by 97%, and achieved initial daily production of 12.5 t per well. Precise identification of individual channel boundaries within 17 composite sandbodies guided recovery processes in 135 wells, yielding an average daily increase of 2.8 t per well and a cumulative increase of 136 000 tons.

Key words： OVT processing; multi-attribute fusion; variable-scale inversion; fluvial sandbody reservoir prediction; remaining oil; Cretaceous; Sazhong Oilfield; Songliao Basin

参考文献

[1] 林承焰, 孙廷彬, 董春梅, 等. 基于单砂体的特高含水期剩余油精细表征[J]. 石油学报, 2013, 34(6): 1131-1136.
LIN Chengyan, SUN Tingbin, DONG Chunmei, et al.Fine characterization of remaining oil based on a single sand body in the high water cut period[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2013, 34(6): 1131-1136.
[2] 吴晓慧. 大庆长垣油田特高含水期水驱精细挖潜措施后产量变化规律[J]. 大庆石油地质与开发, 2018, 37(5): 71-75.
WU Xiaohui.Changed laws of the production after waterflooding finely-tapped-potential stimulations for Daqing placanticline oilfields at the stage of extra-high watercut[J]. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2018, 37(5): 71-75.
[3] 陈树民, 裴江云, 赵忠华, 等. 松辽盆地三肇凹陷扶余油层叠置砂体高分辨率地震成像技术及其应用[J]. 大庆石油地质与开发, 2019, 38(5): 69-77.
CHEN Shumin, PEI Jiangyun, ZHAO Zhonghua, et al.High-resolution imaging technique for the superposed sandbody and its application in Fuyu oil layers of Sanzhao Sag in Songliao Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2019, 38(5): 69-77.
[4] 曾洪流, 朱筱敏, 朱如凯, 等. 陆相坳陷型盆地地震沉积学研究规范[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2012, 39(3): 275-284.
ZENG Hongliu, ZHU Xiaomin, ZHU Rukai, et al.Guidelines for seismic sedimentologic study in non-marine postrift basins[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2012, 39(3): 275-284.
[5] 倪长宽, 苏明军, 袁成, 等. 基于地震沉积学的薄互层储集层分布预测方法[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2022, 49(4): 741-751.
NI Changkuan, SU Mingjun, YUAN Cheng, et al.Thin-interbedded reservoirs prediction based on seismic sedimentology[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2022, 49(4): 741-751.
[6] 詹仕凡, 陈茂山, 李磊, 等. OVT域宽方位叠前地震属性分析方法[J]. 石油地球物理勘探, 2015, 50(5): 956-966.
ZHAN Shifan, CHEN Maoshan, LI Lei, et al.OVT-domain wide-azimuth prestack seismic attribute analysis[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2015, 50(5): 956-966.
[7] 刘文岭, 韩大匡, 程蒲, 等. 高含水油田井震联合重构地下认识体系[J]. 石油地球物理勘探, 2011, 46(6): 930-937.
LIU Wenling, HAN Dakuang, CHENG Pu, et al.Reconstruction of underground recognition system based on both seismic data and well data in a mature oilfield with high water cut[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2011, 46(6): 930-937.
[8] 姜岩, 徐立恒, 张秀丽, 等. 叠前地质统计学反演方法在长垣油田储层预测中的应用[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2013, 28(5): 2579-2586.
JIANG Yan, XU Liheng, ZHANG Xiuli, et al.Prestack geostatistical inversion method and its application on the reservoir prediction of Changyuan oil field[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2013, 28(5): 2579-2586.
[9] 甘利灯, 戴晓峰, 张昕, 等. 测井-地震-油藏模拟一体化技术及其在老油田挖潜中的应用[J]. 石油物探, 2016, 55(5): 617-639.
GAN Lideng, DAI Xiaofeng, ZHANG Xin, et al.Research and application on well-seismic-reservoir integration technology for mature oilfield development[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2016, 55(5): 617-639.
[10] 陈玉栋, 黄旭日. EnKF整合三维地震数据和动态数据的应用[J]. 勘探地球物理进展, 2009, 32(2): 138-142.
CHEN Yudong, HUANG Xuri.Application of assimilating 3-D seismic data with dynamic data using ensemble Kalman filter[J]. Progress in Exploration Geophysics, 2009, 32(2): 138-142.
[11] 杨懋新, 刘金平, 王允清, 等. 井震联合地质建模技术在扶杨油层油藏描述中的应用[J]. 石油地球物理勘探, 2010, 45(增刊1): 130-133.
YANG Maoxin, LIU Jinping, WANG Yunqing, et al.Application of well-seismic joint geology modeling technique in reservoir characterization in Fuyang reservoir[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2010, 45(S1): 130-133.
[12] 凌云, 郭向宇, 高军, 等. 油藏地球物理面临的技术挑战与发展方向[J]. 石油物探, 2010, 49(4): 319-335.
LING Yun, GUO Xiangyu, GAO Jun, et al.The technical challenges on the development trend of reservoir geophysics[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2010, 49(4): 319-335.
[13] 蔡东梅, 韩阳. 大庆长垣油田密井网区井震结合储层描述方法[J]. 大庆石油地质与开发, 2015, 34(2): 148-153.
CAI Dongmei, HAN Yang.Reservoir characterizing method for the dense well pattern region by the well and seismic integration in Daqing placanticline oilfields[J]. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2015, 34(2): 148-153.
[14] 杨春生, 姜岩, 宋宝权, 等. 小河道薄砂层井震联合识别技术及应用: 以大庆长垣西部AGL地区为例[J]. 石油地球物理勘探, 2022, 57(1): 159-167.
YANG Chunsheng, JIANG Yan, SONG Baoquan, et al.Recognition technology integrating logging and seismic data for thin sand reservoir in narrow channel and its application: Taking the AGL area in western Daqing placanticline as an example[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2022, 57(1): 159-167.
[15] 赵翰卿. 大庆油田精细储层沉积学研究[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 2012: 86-88.
ZHAO Hanqing.Daqing oilfield fine reservoir sedimentology[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2012: 86-88.
[16] 梁文福. 大庆长垣油田井震结合高效井挖潜研究[J]. 西安石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 34(5): 63-68.
LIANG Wenfu.Study on potential tapping of high efficiency wells by well-seismic combination in Daqing Changyuan Oilfield[J]. Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University (Natural Science Edition), 2019, 34(5): 63-68.
[17] 李操, 姜岩, 樊晓东, 等. 大庆长垣油田开发地震沉积学研究[J]. 石油地球物理勘探, 2022, 57(4): 916-925.
LI Cao, JIANG Yan, FAN Xiaodong, et al.Seismic sedimentology for development of Daqing Changyuan Oilfield[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2022, 57(4): 916-925.
[18] 袁燎, 张丽娟, 温铁民. OVT域处理技术在准噶尔盆地东部致密油勘探中的应用及效果[J]. 长江大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 12(35): 22-26.
YUAN Liao, ZHANG Lijuan, WEN Tiemin.Application of offset vector tile (OVT) processing technique in tight oil exploration in the east of Junggar area[J]. Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition), 2015, 12(35): 22-26.
[19] 孟阳, 许颖玉, 李静叶, 等. OVT域地震资料属性分析技术在断裂精细识别中的应用[J]. 石油地球物理勘探, 2018, 53(增刊2): 289-294.
MENG Yang, XU Yingyu, LI Jingye, et al.Fault identification with OVT-domain seismic attribute analysis[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2018, 53(S2): 289-294.
[20] 刘军, 刘道理, 邹雅铭, 等. 窄方位拖缆地震数据角度域成像处理及各向异性特征研究[J]. 石油科学通报, 2023, 8(6): 738-754.
LIU Jun, LIU Daoli, ZOU Yaming, et al.Angle domain imaging processing and anisotropic characteristics of narrow azimuth streamer seismic data[J]. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2023, 8(6): 738-754.
[21] 熊晓军, 张鑫, 童浩, 等. 基于改进的相干体分析技术的裂缝发育带预测研究[J]. 物探化探计算技术, 2021, 43(3): 269-274.
XIONG Xiaojun, ZHANG Xin, TONG Hao, et al.Prediction of fracture development zones based on improved coherence analysis[J]. Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2021, 43(3): 269-274.
[22] 马艺璇, 李慧莉, 刘坤岩, 等. 基于分频相干体的蚂蚁追踪技术在塔河油田断裂刻画中的应用[J]. 石油物探, 2020, 59(2): 258-266.
MA Yixuan, LI Huili, LIU Kunyan, et al.Application of an ant-tracking technique based on spectral decomposition to fault characterization[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2020, 59(2): 258-266.
[23] 刘畅, 朱振宇, 张琴. 基于抗大倾角干扰的第三代相干体分析技术及应用[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2015, 30(5): 2193-2199.
LIU Chang, ZHU Zhenyu, ZHANG Qin.3rd coherence analysis technique and an application based on the anti-large-dip[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2015, 30(5): 2193-2199.
[24] 石荣. 地震属性分析技术在储层精细描述中的应用[J]. 大庆石油地质与开发, 2019, 38(3): 138-143.
SHI Rong.Application of the seismic attribute analyzing technique in the fine characterization of the reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2019, 38(3): 138-143.
[25] 李亮, 刘毅, 杜磊. 基于特征值相干体属性煤田三维地震勘探小断层解释[J]. 煤炭与化工, 2022, 45(11): 42-44.
LI Liang, LIU Yi, DU Lei.Coalfield small fault interpretation explored by three-dimensional seism based on eigenvalue coherent body properties[J]. Coal and Chemical Industry, 2022, 45(11): 42-44.
[26] 刘金水, 孙宇航, 刘洋. 基于小样本数据的模型-数据驱动地震反演方法[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2022, 49(5): 908-917.
LIU Jinshui, SUN Yuhang, LIU Yang.Model-data-driven seismic inversion method based on small sample data[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2022, 49(5): 908-917.
[27] ROTHMAN D H.Geostatistical inversion of 3D seismic data for thinsand delineation[J]. Geophysics, 1998, 51(2): 332-339.
[28] 黄勇, 徐立恒, 杨会东, 等. 反演约束的多点地质统计学建模: 以大庆长垣陆相油田为例[J]. 石油地球物理勘探, 2022, 57(6): 1445-1452.
HUANG Yong, XU Liheng, YANG Huidong, et al.Multi-point geostatistical modeling with inversion constraints: A case study of continental oil fields in Daqing placanticline[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2022, 57(6): 1445-1452.
[29] 徐立恒, 宋宝权, 韩嵩, 等. 变尺度构造模型在地质统计学反演储层预测中的应用[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(2): 190-196.
XU Liheng, SONG Baoquan, HAN Song, et al.Application of variable-scale structure model on geo-statistics inversion reservoir prediction[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2019, 40(2): 190-196.
[30] 徐立恒, 马耀军, 朱遂珲, 等. 油田开发后期井间砂体识别[J]. 石油地球物理勘探, 2019, 54(2): 390-397.
XU Liheng, MA Yaojun, ZHU Suihui, et al.Cross-well sand-body identification in the oilfield development late stage[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2019, 54(2): 390-397.
[31] 张赫, 单高军, 杜庆龙, 等. 大庆长垣油田特高含水后期水驱开发技术难题及其对策[J]. 大庆石油地质与开发, 2022, 41(4): 60-66.
ZHANG He, SHAN Gaojun, DU Qinglong, et al.Technical challenges and solutions of water flooding development in late stage of ultra-high water cut in Placanticline Oilfield in Daqing[J]. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2022, 41(4): 60-66.
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉

版权所有：《石油勘探与开发》编辑部；《石油勘探与开发（英文）》编辑部
地址：北京市海淀区学院路20号，中国石油勘探开发研究院数据中心605室　

京ICP备15044687号    技术支持：北京玛格泰克科技发展有限公司