南海北部深水强活动盆地复合全油气系统与油气有序分布&#x02014;&#x02014;以琼东南盆地为例

裴健翔; 贾承造; 胡林; 姜林; 徐长贵

doi:10.11698/PED.20250405

石油勘探与开发 >

0 20251211 - 20251211

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11698/PED.20250405

南海北部深水强活动盆地复合全油气系统与油气有序分布——以琼东南盆地为例

裴健翔 ,
贾承造 ,
胡林 ,
姜林 ,
徐长贵

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1.中海石油（中国）有限公司海南分公司,海口 570312;
2.中国石油天然气集团有限公司,北京 100007;
3.中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083;
4.中国海洋石油集团有限公司,北京 100010

裴健翔（1970-）,男,湖北随州人,硕士,中海石油（中国）有限公司海南分公司教授级高级工程师,主要从事南海油气勘探研究。地址：海南省海口市秀英区,中海石油（中国）有限公司海南分公司,邮政编码：570312。E-mail：peijx001@163.com

收稿日期: 2025-07-24

修回日期: 2025-11-18

网络出版日期: 2025-11-28

基金资助

“十五五”国家重大专项课题“深水超浅层-浅层高效勘探开发关键技术”（2025ZD1402703）

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Composite whole petroleum system and orderly distribution of hydrocarbon in deep-water and strongly active basins in northern South China Sea: A case study of Qiongdongnan Basin, China

PEI Jianxiang ,
JIA Chengzao ,
HU Lin ,
JIANG Lin ,
XU Changgui

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1. Hainan Branch of CNOOC (China) Co., Ltd., Haikou 570312, China;
2. China National Petroleum Corporation, Beijing 100007, China;
3. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China;
4. China National Offshore Oil Corporation, Beijing 100010, China

Received date: 2025-07-24

Revised date: 2025-11-18

Online published: 2025-11-28

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摘要

在全油气系统理论的指导下,基于地震、钻井和化验分析资料,并结合油气勘探实践成果,系统梳理琼东南盆地深水区不同类型天然气分布规律,解析多类型气藏有序共生机制及成藏过程,构建南海北部深水强活动型盆地的复合全油气系统模式。研究表明,琼东南盆地深水区发育始新统、渐新统、上中新统—第四系3套烃源岩,可相应划分出3套全油气系统。盆地深水区烃源岩具有多层系、多类型、多生烃中心的特征,始新统湖相烃源岩-渐新统海陆双源烃源岩-上中新统—第四系海相源岩形成多生烃中心且生烃中心从东至西有序展布;储层具有多地质时代、多岩石类型、多水动力影响的特征,在深水区垂向上构成“基底潜山-下牵引流-上重力流”的储层复合叠置模式;盆地内流体活动受控于自由动力场、局限动力场和束缚动力场。全油气系统内烃源岩、储层及3种动力场的耦合作用造成天然气自下而上呈现出“页岩气（推测）-致密气-常规气-超浅层气-水合物”有序分布。上述研究成果验证了全油气系统理论在琼东南盆地深水区的适应性,为深水复杂油气资源勘探提供理论支撑,并有望对深水区不同类型油气资源分布预测与油气勘探具有重要指导意义。

关键词： 琼东南盆地; 深水区; 全油气系统; 浅层气; 水合物; 油气有序分布; 油气藏序列; 成藏模式

本文引用格式

裴健翔 , 贾承造 , 胡林 , 姜林 , 徐长贵 . 南海北部深水强活动盆地复合全油气系统与油气有序分布——以琼东南盆地为例[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 0 : 20251211 -20251211 . DOI: 10.11698/PED.20250405

Abstract

Under the guidance of the whole petroleum system theory, using seismic, drilling and laboratory analysis data, and combined with the practical achievements of oil and gas exploration, the distribution patterns of different types of natural gas in the deep-water area of the Qiongdongnan Basin of China were systematically reviewed, the orderly symbiosis mechanisms and hydrocarbon accumulation processes of diverse gas reservoirs were analyzed, and a composite whole petroleum system model for the deep-water and strongly active basins in the northern South China Sea was constructed. In the deep-water area of the Qiongdongnan Basin, there are three sets of source rocks, namely the Eocene, the Oligocene, and the Upper Miocene-Quaternary, and three whole petroleum systems can be accordingly classified. The source rocks have the characteristics of multilayers, multiple types, and multiple hydrocarbon generation centers. The Eocene lacustrine source rocks, Oligocene marine and continental source rocks, and Pliocene-Quaternary marine source rocks form multiple hydrocarbon generation centers, which are orderly distributed from east to west. The reservoirs are characterized by multiple geological ages, multiple rock types, and multiple hydrodynamic influences, and exist as a reservoir composite superposition pattern with basement buried hill-lower traction flow-upper gravity flow vertically in the deep-water area. Fluid activities within the basins are controlled by free dynamic fields, confined dynamic fields, and bound dynamic fields. The coupling of source rocks, reservoirs and dynamic fields in the whole petroleum system causes natural gas to present an orderly distribution of shale gas (speculated)-tight gas-conventional gas-ultra-shallow gas-hydrate from bottom to top. The research results have verified the adaptability of the whole petroleum system theory in the deep-water area of the Qiongdongnan Basin, providing a theoretical support for the exploration of complex oil and gas resources in the deep-water area, and are expected to effectively guide the distribution prediction and exploration of different types of petroleum resources in deep-water areas.

Key words： Qiongdongnan Basin; deep-water area; whole petroleum system; shallow gas; hydrate; orderly distribution of hydrocarbons; oil and gas reservoir sequence; accumulation model

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