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DOI: https://doi.org/10.11698/PED.20240084

半局限碳酸盐缓坡沉积成岩特征及有利区评价——以中阿拉伯盆地A油田下白垩统Yamama组为例

  • 万洋 ,
  • 李峰峰 ,
  • 任立新 ,
  • 郭睿 ,
  • 徐宁 ,
  • Michael Poppelreiter ,
  • Jorge Costa Gomes ,
  • 李蕾
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  • 1.中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083;
    2.中国石油迪拜研究院,阿联酋迪拜 415747
万洋（1994-）,男,山东淄博人,博士,中国石油勘探开发研究院工程师,主要从事碳酸盐岩油藏开发地质研究工作。地址：北京市海淀区学院路20号,中国石油勘探开发研究人力资源部,邮政编码：100083。E-mail：ywan16@petrochina.com.cn

收稿日期: 2024-02-01

  修回日期: 2024-07-29

  网络出版日期: 2024-09-18

基金资助

中国石油天然气集团有限公司“十四五”前瞻性基础性重大科技项目（2022DJ3211）; 中国石油天然气集团有限公司重大科技专项（2023ZZ19-01）

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Sedimentation and diagenesis in semi-restricted carbonate ramp and favorable reservoir evaluation: A case study of Lower Cretaceous Yamama Formation in Oilfield A, Central Arabian Basin

  • WAN Yang ,
  • LI Fengfeng ,
  • REN Lixin ,
  • GUO Rui ,
  • XU Ning ,
  • MICHAEL Poppelreiter ,
  • JORGE Costa Gomes ,
  • LI Lei
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  • 1. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China;
    2. CNPC R&D (DIFC) Company Limited, Dubai 415747, United Arab Emirates

Received date: 2024-02-01

  Revised date: 2024-07-29

  Online published: 2024-09-18

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摘要

基于岩心、铸体薄片、物性、CT扫描、测井、测试及地震等资料,以中阿拉伯盆地A油田下白垩统Yamama组为例,揭示半局限碳酸盐缓坡沉积成岩特征及有利储层分布。研究表明：半局限碳酸盐缓坡中藻类、底栖有孔虫、双壳类、胞网菌和似球粒最为富集,发育多种低能浅水岩相,Yamama组早期以前斜坡相为主,随后演变为大规模潟湖,局部发育颗粒滩、点礁、滩后和潮坪;Yamama组自下而上发育Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ 3期层序,海退半旋回中,层序Ⅰ以胶结作用为主,层序Ⅱ以溶蚀作用为主,层序Ⅲ中溶蚀作用与胶结作用交替主导。储层以粒泥灰岩、泥粒灰岩和粘结岩为主,岩性序列横向变化快,可对比性差;发育孔隙型储层,储集空间以微孔、铸模孔和生物体腔孔为主,原生粒间孔发育程度总体较低,孔喉以中喉和微喉为主;物性主要为中低孔、低渗和特低渗,中高渗储层发育程度低。研究认为：半局限碳酸盐缓坡中,局部高能沉积、易溶生物碎屑富集和强溶蚀作用是有利储层发育的主要条件。局部高能的颗粒滩和点礁未发生强胶结作用,原生粒间孔保存较好,储层物性较好,形成小规模的有利储层;潟湖和滩后等中低能沉积局部富含藻类和胞网菌等易溶生屑,生屑被强烈溶蚀,形成大量铸模孔或生物体腔孔,有效改善储层物性,可形成较大规模的有利储层。A油田Yamama组有利储层主要分布在A油田中北部背斜轴部的YA段和YB段。

关键词： 中阿拉伯盆地; 下白垩统; Yamama组; 半局限; 碳酸盐缓坡; 潟湖; 碳酸盐岩; 有利储层

本文引用格式

万洋 , 李峰峰 , 任立新 , 郭睿 , 徐宁 , Michael Poppelreiter , Jorge Costa Gomes , 李蕾 . 半局限碳酸盐缓坡沉积成岩特征及有利区评价——以中阿拉伯盆地A油田下白垩统Yamama组为例[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 0 : 20241211 -20241211 . DOI: 10.11698/PED.20240084

Abstract

Based on the analyses of the core, cast thin section, physical property, CT, wireline loggings, well tests and seismic data, taking the Lower Cretaceous Yamama Formation in Oilfield A of the Central Arabian Basin as an example, the sedimentation and diagenesis characteristics and favorable reservoir distribution in semi-restricted carbonate ramp are clarified. The results show that semi-restricted carbonate ramp is enriched with Algae, Benthic foraminifera, Bivalve, Bacinella, and peloids, and is characterized by diverse low-energy and shallow-water lithofacies. The depositional environment of the Yamama Formation at early stage is dominated by open shelf, and then is dominated by large scale lagoon, locally being grain shoal, patchy reef, back shoal and tidal flat. There are three sequences in the Yamama Formation, namely I, II, and III, from bottom to top. During the regression cycle, the sequence I is dominated by cementation, the sequence II by dissolution, and the sequence III by alternating cementation and dissolution. The reservoirs are composed of packstone, wackstone and bindstone, with varying lithological sequence laterally which is difficult to be correlated. The reservoirs are porous, with the space contributed by micropores, moldic pores, and skeletal pores, as well as less primary intergranular pores, corresponding to medium- and micro-throats. The physical properties generally exhibit low to medium porosity, and low to ultra-low permeability. The medium-high permeability reservoirs are underdeveloped. It is found that the development of favorable reservoir in semi-restricted carbonate ramp are controlled by high-energy sedimentation locally, soluble bioclastic enrichment, and intense dissolution. Local high-energy grain shoals and patchy reef contain primary intergranular pores with no intense cementation, and they are important facies of favorable reservoirs in semi-restricted carbonate ramp. Low- to medium-energy facies such as lagoon and back shoal are rich in soluble bioclastics such as Algae and Bacinella. The bioclastics were intensely dissolved, forming a large number of moldic pores and skeletal pores, which effectively improved the reservoir physical properties, thus facilitating the formation of large-scale favorable reservoirs. The favorable reservoirs of the Yamama Formation in Oilfield A are mainly distributed in the north-central anticline axis of YA member and YB member.

Key words： Central Arabian Basin; Lower Cretaceous; Yamama Formation; semi-restricted; carbonate ramp; lagoon; carbonate rock; favorable reservoir

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