乍得Doseo盆地东部构造特征、成因机制与盆地演化
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高华华(1989-),男,河北邯郸人,博士,中国石油国际勘探开发有限公司高级工程师,主要从事海外油气地质勘探研究。地址:北京市西城区阜成门北大街6号-1,中国石油乍得公司勘探部,邮政编码:100034。E-mail:gaohuahua@cnpcint.com |
Copy editor: 衣英杰
收稿日期: 2022-12-10
修回日期: 2023-08-10
网络出版日期: 2023-09-22
基金资助
中国石油股份有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目“海外复杂裂谷盆地精细勘探关键技术研究”(2021DJ3103)
Tectonic features, genetic mechanisms and basin evolution of the eastern Doseo Basin, Chad
Received date: 2022-12-10
Revised date: 2023-08-10
Online published: 2023-09-22
基于地震和钻井资料分析Doseo盆地东部不整合、断裂和反转构造,研究构造成因机制及盆地演化。研究表明:①Doseo盆地发育基底顶(Tg)、Mangara群顶(T10)、上白垩统下段顶(T5)、白垩系顶(T4)4个地层不整合面,巴雷姆期伸展、阿普特-康尼亚克期走滑、坎潘期走滑和始新世走滑4期断裂活动,晚白垩世圣通期和白垩纪末2期反转。②Doseo盆地为走滑、反转改造型陆内早夭被动裂谷盆地。非洲和南美板块初始裂解诱发Doseo盆地遭受近南北向伸展,形成裂谷盆地雏形。中非剪切带西段Borogop(F1)近东西向走滑,使Doseo裂谷近南北向断陷生长逐渐停止,经历长期走滑改造,从而发育继承性活动但强度减弱的右旋张扭走滑断裂体系(期间被两期反转中断),即以主剪切(F1)、R剪切(F2—F3)和P剪切(F4—F5)断层为主干、走滑伴生断层为分支,白垩纪和始新世F1走滑分别受控于赤道南大西洋右旋剪切张开和印度洋快速扩张。F1走滑和非洲与欧亚大陆汇聚使Doseo盆地经历以褶皱变形为主的圣通期右旋压扭反转,形成雁行状北东—南西至北北东—南南西向鼻隆及其高部位不整合(T5)。非洲与欧亚大陆汇聚导致Doseo盆地遭受以强烈抬升剥蚀和褶皱变形为特征的白垩纪末强反转,形成区域不整合(T4),使圣通期构造叠加近东西向构造形态。③Doseo盆地经历巴雷姆期断陷、阿普特期断拗过渡、早白垩世末阿尔布期—晚白垩世拗陷和新生代消亡4个演化阶段,具有“短断长拗”特征,盆地演化受控于非洲与周缘板块构造运动。
高华华 , 杜业波 , 王林 , 高思敏 , 胡杰 , 白建峰 , 马洪 , 王玉华 , 张新顺 , 刘浩 . 乍得Doseo盆地东部构造特征、成因机制与盆地演化[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2023 , 50(5) : 1003 -1015 . DOI: 10.11698/PED.20220822
The features of the unconformity, fault and tectonic inversion in the eastern Doseo Basin, Chad, were analyzed, and the genetic mechanisms and basin evolution were discussed using seismic and drilling data. The following results are obtained. First, four stratigraphic unconformities, i.e. basement (Tg), Mangara Group (T10), lower Upper Cretaceous (T5) and Cretaceous (T4), four faulting stages, i.e. Barremian extensional faults, Aptian-Coniacian strike-slip faults, Campanian strike-slip faults, and Eocene strike-slip faults, and two tectonic inversions, i.e. Santonian and end of Cretaceous, were developed in the Doseo Basin. Second, the Doseo Basin was an early failed intracontinental passive rift basin transformed by the strike-slip movement and tectonic inversion. The initial rifting between the African and South American plates induced the nearly N-S stretching of the Doseo Basin, giving rise to the formation of the embryonic Doseo rift basin. The nearly E-W strike-slip movement of Borogop (F1) in the western section of the Central African Shear Zone resulted in the gradual cease of the near north-south rifting and long-term strike-slip transformation, forming a dextral transtension fault system with inherited activity but gradually weakened in intensity (interrupted by two tectonic inversions). This fault system was composed of the main shear (F1), R-type shear (F2-F3) and P-type shear (F4-F5) faults, with the strike-slip associated faults as branches. The strike-slip movements of F1 in Cretaceous and Eocene were controlled by the dextral shear opening of the equatorial south Atlantic and rapid expanding of the Indian Ocean, respectively. The combined function of the strike-slip movement of F1 and the convergence between Africa and Eurasia made the Doseo Basin underwent the Santonian dextral transpressional inversion characterized by intensive folding deformation leading to the echelon NE-SW and NNE-SSW nose-shaped uplifts and unconformity (T5) on high parts of the uplifts. The convergence between Africa and Eurasia caused the intensive tectonic inversion of Doseo Basin at the end of Cretaceous manifesting as intensive uplift, denudation and folding deformation, forming the regional unconformity (T4) and superposing a nearly E-W structural configuration on the Santonian structures. Third, the Doseo Basin experienced four evolutional stages with the features of short rifting and long depression, i.e. Barremian rifting, Aptian rifting-depression transition, Albian-Late Cretaceous depression, and Cenozoic extinction, under the control of the tectonic movements between Africa and its peripheral plates.
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