针对现阶段恒流变合成基钻井液基础油成本高昂且不可再生的缺陷,研究具有廉价、环保、可再生优势的生物柴油基恒流变钻井液技术。优选原材料制备成本低、环保且低温流动性好的大豆油乙酯生物柴油作为基础油,通过选择高油水比,并在辅乳化剂中引入阳离子表面活性剂,有效减缓了生物柴油基乳液因高温水解、皂化导致的增稠现象。使用由阳离子改性剂十六烷基三甲基氯化铵所制备的有机土可改善钻井液的流变性、稳定性和滤失造壁性,且不会引起低温稠化。使用二聚脂肪酸和椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺合成恒流变流型调节剂,可在生物柴油基中形成强网络结构并有效调控恒流变性。建立一套密度为1.2 g/cm3的生物柴油基恒流变钻井液体系,恒流变温差范围达2~90 ℃,抗温达160 ℃,可抗5%海水、10%页岩屑污染,环保性能优良。
As the base oil of the current flat-rheology synthetic drilling fluid is high in cost and not renewable, the biodiesel-based flat-rheology drilling fluid with low-cost, environmental protection and renewable advantage was studied. Based on the optimization of raw materials, a cheap, environment-friendly biodiesel of soybean oil ethyl ester with good fluidity at low temperature was selected as the base oil. By selecting high oil-water ratio and introducing cationic surfactant into the auxiliary emulsifier, the thickening of biodiesel-based emulsion caused by hydrolysis and saponification after high-temperature aging was effectively eliminated. The organoclay prepared with cationic modifier of hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride was used to improve the rheologic properties, stability and fluid loss of the drilling fluid while preventing low-temperature thickening. A flat-rheology modifier was synthesized with dimer fatty acid and cocoanut fatty acid diethanolamide, which could form strong network structure in the biodiesel-based drilling fluid to adjust effectively rheological properties of the drilling fluid. A biodiesel-based flat-rheology drilling fluid system with the density of 1.2 g/cm3 has been formulated which has constant rheology in the temperature range of 2-90 ℃, temperature tolerance of 160 ℃, seawater salinity tolerance of 5%, shale cuttings tolerance of 10%, and is environmentally friendly.
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