石油勘探与开发 >

2021 , Vol. 48 >Issue 6: 1100 - 1113

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11698/PED.2021.06.03

油气勘探

从原型盆地叠加演化过程讨论沉积盆地分类及含油气性

  • 窦立荣 ,
  • 温志新
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  • 中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083
窦立荣（1965-）,男,江苏扬州人,博士,中国石油勘探开发研究院教授级高级工程师,主要从事全球油气资源评价与海外重点领域油气勘探关键技术研究。地址：北京市海淀区学院路20号,中国石油勘探开发研究院,邮政编码：100083。E-mail: dlirong@petrochina.com.cn

收稿日期: 2021-02-19

  修回日期: 2021-11-04

  网络出版日期: 2021-11-25

基金资助

中国石油集团前瞻性基础性技术攻关项目（2021D31）

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Classification and exploration potential of sedimentary basins based on the superposition and evolution process of prototype basins

  • DOU Lirong ,
  • WEN Zhixin
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  • Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China

Received date: 2021-02-19

  Revised date: 2021-11-04

  Online published: 2021-11-25

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摘要

从威尔逊旋回原理出发,通过解剖全球483个沉积盆地前寒武纪以来成盆演化历史,并基于拉张、挤压及剪切3种应力环境,探讨了原型盆地的类型划分、叠加演化及沉积充填模式,总结出板块构造演化在3个方面控制着原型盆地的叠加演化过程及含油气条件。研究认为：①全球85%以上的沉积盆地是由两类以上原型盆地叠加演化而成;②原型盆地的叠加演化过程以威尔逊旋回为周期且按着固定轨迹循环往复进行,在一个周期的每个阶段都能够形成特定的原型盆地;③每个原型盆地都能够形成独特的构造-沉积体系,从而决定其独有的生、储、盖等含油气条件,后期叠加的原型盆地不但能够改变早期原型盆地的油气成藏条件,而且可能形成新的含油气系统。将全球每个盆地最新一期板块构造运动所形成的原型盆地界定为现今的盆地类型,并划分出陆内生长裂谷、陆内夭折裂谷、陆间裂谷、被动大陆边缘、内克拉通、海沟、弧前、弧后裂谷、弧后坳陷、弧后小洋盆、周缘前陆、弧后前陆、走滑拉分和走滑挠曲共14类。该分类方案不仅能够确保每个沉积盆地类型的唯一性,便于推广应用,而且可以通过盆地类比,以科学预测现今各类沉积盆地的含油气远景。图6表1参64

关键词： 沉积盆地分类; 板块构造; 威尔逊旋回; 主要原型盆地; 次要原型盆地; 叠加演化

本文引用格式

窦立荣 , 温志新 . 从原型盆地叠加演化过程讨论沉积盆地分类及含油气性[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2021 , 48(6) : 1100 -1113 . DOI: 10.11698/PED.2021.06.03

Abstract

Based on the Wilson cycle principle of plate theory, by dissecting the evolution history of 483 sedimentary basins around the world since the Precambrian, combining the three stress environments of tension, compression and shear, classification of prototype basins superimposed evolution and sedimentary filling are analyzed. It is found that plate tectonic evolution controls the superimposed development process and petroleum-bearing conditions of the prototype basins in three aspects: first, more than 85% of the sedimentary basins in the world are developed from the superimposed development of two or more prototype basins; second, the superposition evolution process of the prototype basin takes Wilson cycle as the cycle and cycles in a fixed trajectory repeatedly, in each stage of a cycle, a specific type of prototype basin can be formed; third, each prototype basin can form a unique tectonic-sedimentary system, which determines its unique source, reservoir, cap conditions etc. for hydrocarbon accumulation, the later superimposed prototype basin can change the oil and gas accumulation conditions of the earlier prototype basin, and may form new petroleum systems. Based on this, by defining the type of a current basin as its prototype basin formed by the latest plate tectonic movement, 14 types of prototype basins can be classified in the world, namely, intracontinental growth rift, intracontinental aborted rift, intercontinental rift, passive continental margin, interior craton, trench, fore-arc rift, back-arc rift, back-arc depression, back-arc small ocean, peripheral foreland, back-arc foreland, strike-slip pull-apart, and strike-slip flexural basins. The classification scheme can ensure the type uniqueness of individual sedimentary basins, and make it possible to predict their oil and gas potential through analog scientifically.

Key words： sedimentary basin classification; plate tectonics; Wilson cycle; main prototype basin; secondary prototype basin; superposition development process

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