石油勘探与开发 >

2021 , Vol. 48 >Issue 5: 962 - 973

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11698/PED.2021.05.08

油气勘探

塔河地区奥陶系不同地貌岩溶带结构组合差异与油气富集

  • 张三 ,
  • 金强 ,
  • 胡明毅 ,
  • 韩起超 ,
  • 孙建芳 ,
  • 程付启 ,
  • 张旭栋
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  • 1.长江大学地球科学学院,武汉 430100;
    2.中国石油大学（华东）地球科学与技术学院,山东青岛 266580;
    3.中国石化股份胜利油田分公司孤岛采油厂,山东东营 257231;
    4.中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083
张三（1990-）,男,陕西安康人,长江大学地球科学学院在站博士后,主要从事石油地质方面研究。地址：湖北省武汉市蔡甸区蔡甸街大学路111号,长江大学地球科学学院C座334,邮政编码：430100。E-mail：zspetro@sina.com

收稿日期: 2021-01-26

  网络出版日期: 2021-09-17

基金资助

国家油气重大专项（2016ZX05014-002-007）; 国家自然科学基金（U1663204,42072171,41772103）

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Differential structure of Ordovician karst zone and hydrocarbon enrichment in paleogeomorphic units in Tahe area, Tarim Basin, NW China

  • ZHANG San ,
  • JIN Qiang ,
  • HU Mingyi ,
  • HAN Qichao ,
  • SUN Jianfang ,
  • CHENG Fuqi ,
  • ZHANG Xudong
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  • 1. School of Geosciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China;
    2. School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China;
    3. Gudao Oil Production Plant, Shengli Oilfield Company of Sinopec, Dongying 257231, China;
    4. Exploration and Development Institute, Sinopec, Beijing 100083, China

Received date: 2021-01-26

  Online published: 2021-09-17

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摘要

基于大量地质、钻/测井、地震及生产动态资料,从水系分布及水流通道分析入手,探讨塔河油田奥陶系不同地貌单元岩溶带结构组合特征,并分析其油气富集特征。结果显示,塔河地区奥陶系岩溶古地貌由分水岭、岩溶谷地及岩溶盆地组成。分水岭中发育表层岩溶带（平均厚度为57.8 m）与渗流岩溶带（厚度为115.2 m）,其中断层、裂缝和中小型缝洞体密集发育,76.5%的油井单井累产油量超过5×104 t。岩溶谷地发育表层岩溶带、渗流岩溶带和径流岩溶带,平均厚度分别为14.6,26.4,132.6 m,其中径流岩溶带中地下河溶洞多被细粒物质充填（充填率达86.8%）,84.9%的油井单井累产油量不到2×104 t。岩溶盆地不发育岩溶带,仅在局部断裂带上发育断溶体,其厚度可达600 m,且紧密围绕断裂周围1 km内分布。因此,不同地貌单元水流产状不同,形成不同的岩溶带结构组合,同时造成油气分布差异。分水岭为油气运移指向区,其中相互串通的中小型缝洞空间油气充满度高,高产井比例大。地下河沉积搬运能力强,溶洞充填率高,油气丰度小,低产、低效井比例大。通源断裂既是水流通道、又是油气运移通道,岩溶缝洞储集空间巨大,油气易于富集。图10表1参30

关键词： 古岩溶; 岩溶水系; 分水岭; 缝洞结构; 油气分布; 塔河油田; 奥陶系; 塔里木盆地

本文引用格式

张三 , 金强 , 胡明毅 , 韩起超 , 孙建芳 , 程付启 , 张旭栋 . 塔河地区奥陶系不同地貌岩溶带结构组合差异与油气富集[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2021 , 48(5) : 962 -973 . DOI: 10.11698/PED.2021.05.08

Abstract

Based on a large number of drilling, logging, seismic and production data, the differential structures of karst zone and hydrocarbon distribution in different paleogeomorphic units of the Tahe area, Tarim Basin, are discussed by analyzing the karst drainages and flowing channels. The karst paleogeomorphy of Ordovician in Tahe area is composed of watershed, karst valley and karst basin. The watershed has epikarst zone of 57.8 m thick on average and vadose karst zone of 115.2 m thick on average with dense faults, fractures and medium-small fracture-caves, and 76.5% of wells in this area have cumulative production of more than 5×104 t per well. The karst valleys have epikarst zone, vadose karst zone and runoff karst zone, with an average thickness of 14.6, 26.4 and 132.6 m respectively. In the runoff karst zone, the caves of subsurface river are mostly filled by fine sediment, with a filling rate up to 86.8%, and 84.9% of wells in this area have cumulative production of less than 2×104 t per well. The karst basin has no karst zone, but only fault-karst reservoirs in local fault zones, which are up to 600 m thick and closely developed within 1 km around faults. Different karst landforms have different water flowing pattern, forming different karst zone structures and resulting in differential distribution of oil and gas. The watershed has been on the direction of oil and gas migration, so medium-small sized connected fracture-caves in this area have high filling degree of oil and gas, and most wells in this area have high production. Most caves in subsurface river are filled due to strong sedimentation and transportation of the river, so the subsurface river sediment has low hydrocarbon abundance and more low production oil wells. The faults linking source rock are not only the water channels but also the oil-gas migration pathways, where the karst fractures and caves provide huge reservoir space for oil and gas accumulation.

Key words： paleokarst; karst drainage; watershed; fracture-cave structure; oil and gas distribution; Tahe Oilfield; Ordovician; Tarim Basin

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