石油勘探与开发 >

2021 , Vol. 48 >Issue 5: 879 - 890

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11698/PED.2021.05.01

油气勘探

四川盆地及周缘奥陶系五峰组—志留系龙马溪组页岩生物地层及其储集层特征

  • 王红岩 ,
  • 施振生 ,
  • 孙莎莎
展开
  • 1.中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083;
    2.国家能源页岩气研发（实验）中心,河北廊坊 065007
王红岩（1971-）,男,江苏徐州人,博士,中国石油勘探开发研究院教授级高级工程师,主要从事页岩气等非常规油气勘探开发与基础理论研究工作。地址：北京市海淀区学院路20号北厂区1号楼,中国石油勘探开发研究院页岩气研究所,邮政编码：100083。E-mail：wanghongyan69@petrochina.com.cn

收稿日期: 2020-12-24

  网络出版日期: 2021-09-17

基金资助

国家科技重大专项“大型油气田及煤层气开发”（2017ZX05035-001）

收起

Biostratigraphy and reservoir characteristics of the Ordovician Wufeng-Silurian Longmaxi shale in the Sichuan Basin and surrounding areas, China

  • WANG Hongyan ,
  • SHI Zhensheng ,
  • SUN Shasha
Expand
  • 1. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China;
    2. National Energy Shale Gas R&D (Experiment) Center, Langfang 065007, China

Received date: 2020-12-24

  Online published: 2021-09-17

Fold

摘要

通过单剖面笔石鉴定、笔石带划分、等值线图编制及页岩矿物成分、TOC和纹层特征分析,系统研究四川盆地及周缘奥陶系五峰组—志留系龙马溪组生物地层及其储集层特征。结果表明,四川盆地及周缘五峰组—龙马溪组发育笔石带WF1—WF4和LM1—LM9,不同笔石带可用岩性和电性特征标定。不同笔石带页岩分布呈现西南和东北2大沉积中心,且矿物成分、TOC和纹层类型存在差异。笔石带WF2下部和WF4发育含（贫）有机质块状层理混合页岩,笔石带WF1—WF2上部及WF3发育含有机质水平层理混合页岩,笔石带LM1—LM4发育富（含）有机质水平层理硅质页岩,LM5—LM9发育贫有机质水平层理混合页岩。页岩矿物成分、TOC及层理类型受控于古气候、古水体氧化-还原条件和古沉积速率。笔石带WF1—WF2下部,水体由于温暖富氧,故块状层理发育、硅质含量和TOC值低。笔石带WF4水体由于较凉、富氧,故块状层理发育、钙质含量高、TOC值低。笔石带WF2上部、WF3、LM1—LM4水体由于贫氧、沉积速率低,故富有机质硅质页岩水平层理发育,粉砂纹层含量高。笔石带LM5—LM9水体由于富氧、沉积速率过高,故TOC值和硅质含量低、粉砂纹层含量高。图6表2参38

关键词： 笔石带; 页岩; 储集层特征; 奥陶系五峰组; 志留系龙马溪组; 生物地层; 四川盆地

本文引用格式

王红岩 , 施振生 , 孙莎莎 . 四川盆地及周缘奥陶系五峰组—志留系龙马溪组页岩生物地层及其储集层特征[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2021 , 48(5) : 879 -890 . DOI: 10.11698/PED.2021.05.01

Abstract

Through graptolite identification in profiles, graptolite zone division, contour map compilation, and analysis of mineral composition, TOC content, lamina distribution features of shale samples, the biostratigraphic and reservoir characteristics of Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin and surrounding areas are sorted out. There are 4 graptolite zones (WF1 to WF4) in Wufeng Formation and 9 (LM1 to LM9) in Longmaxi Formation, and the different graptolite zones can be calibrated by lithology and electrical property. The shale layers of these graptolite zones have two depocenters in the southwest and northeast, and differ somewhat in mineral composition, TOC, and lamina types. Among them, the graptolite zones of lower WF2 and WF4 are organic matter lean massive hybrid shale, the upper part of WF1-WF2 and WF3 have horizontal bedding hybrid shale with organic matter, the LM1-LM4 mainly consist of organic-rich siliceous shale with horizontal bedding, and the LM5-LM9 graptolite zones consist of organic-lean hybrid shale with horizontal bedding. The mineral composition, TOC and lamina types of shale depend on the paleo-climate, paleo-water oxidation-reduction conditions, and paleo-sedimentation rate during its deposition. Deposited in oxygen-rich warm water, the lower parts of WF1 and WF2 graptolite zones have massive bedding, lower TOC and silicon content. Deposited in cooler and oxygen rich water, the WF4 has massive bedding, high calcium content and low TOC. Deposited in anoxic water at low rate, the upper part of WF2, WF3, and LM1-LM4 are composed of organic rich siliceous shale with horizontal bedding and high proportion of silt laminae. Deposited in oxygen rich water at a high rate, the graptolite zones LM5-LM9 have low contents of organic matter and silicon and high proportions of silt lamina.

Key words： graptolite zone; shale; reservoir characteristics; Ordovician Wufeng Formation; Silurian Longmaxi Formation; Upper Yangtze area; Sichuan Basin

参考文献

[1] 穆恩之. 正笔石及正笔石式树形笔石的演化、分类与分布[J]. 中国科学: 地球科学, 1974, 4(2): 174-183.
MU Enzhi. Evolution, classification and distribution of Orthograptolite and Orthograptolite tree graptolite[J]. SCIENCES CHINA Earth Sciences, 1974, 4(2): 174-183.
[2] 樊隽轩, MELCHIN M J, 陈旭, 等. 华南奥陶—志留系龙马溪组黑色笔石页岩的生物地层学[J]. 中国科学: 地球科学, 2012, 42(1): 130-139.
FAN Junxuan, MELCHIN M J, CHEN Xu, et al. Biostratigraphy and geography of the Ordovician-Silurian Lungmachi black shales in South China[J]. SCIENCES CHINA Earth Sciences, 2011, 54(12): 1854-1863.
[3] 陈旭, 樊隽轩, 张元动, 等. 五峰组及龙马溪组黑色页岩在扬子覆盖区内的划分与圈定[J]. 地层学杂志, 2015, 39(4): 351-358.
CHEN Xu, FAN Junxuan, ZHANG Yuandong, et al. Subdivision and delineation of the Wufeng and Lungmachi black shales in the subsurface areas of the Yangtze platform[J]. Journal of Stratigraphy, 2015, 39(4): 351-358.
[4] 陈旭, 肖承协, 陈洪治. 华南五峰期笔石动物群的分异及缺氧环境[J]. 古生物学报, 1987, 26(3): 326-338.
CHEN Xu, XIAO Chengxie, CHEN Hongzhi. Wufengian(Ashgillian) graptolite faunal differentiation and anoxic environment in south China[J]. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 1987, 26(3): 326-338.
[5] 邱振, 邹才能, 李熙喆, 等. 论笔石对页岩气源储的贡献: 以华南地区五峰组—龙马溪组笔石页岩为例[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2018, 29(5): 606-615.
QIU Zhen, ZOU Caineng, LI Xizhe, et al. Discussion on the contribution of graptolite to organic enrichment and reservoir of gas shale: A case study of the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in South China[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2018, 29(5): 606-615.
[6] 王玉满, 李新景, 王皓, 等. 四川盆地东部上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组斑脱岩发育特征及地质意义[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2019, 46(4): 653-665.
WANG Yuman, LI Xinjing, WANG Hao, et al. Developmental characteristics and geological significance of the bentonite in the Upper Ordovician Wufeng-Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in eastern Sichuan Basin, SW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2019, 46(4): 653-665.
[7] WANG Hongyan, SHI Zhensheng, ZHAO Qun, et al. Stratigraphic framework of the Wufeng-Longmaxi shale in and around the Sichuan Basin, China: Implications for targeting shale gas[J]. Energy Geoscience, 2020, 1(1): 124-133.
[8] ZOU Caineng, QIU Zhen, POULTON S W, et al. Ocean euxinia and climate change “double whammy” drove the Late Ordovician mass extinction[J]. Geology, 2018, 46(6): 535-538.
[9] 张元动, 陈旭. 奥陶纪笔石动物的多样性演变与环境背景[J]. 中国科学: 地球科学, 2008, 38(1): 10-21.
ZHANG Yuandong, CHEN Xu. Diversity evolution and environmental background of Ordovician graptolites[J]. SCIENCES CHINA Earth Sciences, 2008, 38(2): 161-171.
[10] 施振生, 邱振, 董大忠, 等. 四川盆地巫溪2井龙马溪组含气页岩细粒沉积纹层特征[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2018, 45(2): 339-348.
SHI Zhensheng, QIU Zhen, DONG Dazhong, et al. Laminae characteristics of gas-bearing shale fine-grained sediment of the Silurian Longmaxi Formation of Well Wuxi 2 in Sichuan Basin, SW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018, 45(2): 339-348.
[11] 董大忠, 施振生, 孙莎莎, 等. 黑色页岩微裂缝发育控制因素: 以长宁双河剖面五峰组—龙马溪组为例[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2018, 45(5): 763-774.
DONG Dazhong, SHI Zhensheng, SUN Shasha, et al. Factors controlling microfractures in black shales: A case study of Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Shuanghe profile, Changning area, Sichuan Basin, SW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018, 45(5): 763-774.
[12] 刘宝珺, 许效松, 潘杏南, 等. 中国南方古大陆地壳演化与成矿[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1993.
LIU Baojun, XU Xiaosong, PAN Xingnan.Evolution and mineralization of earth crust of paleocontinent in South China[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1993.
[13] 王红岩, 郭伟, 梁峰, 等. 川南自201井区奥陶系—志留系间黑色页岩生物地层[J]. 地层学杂志, 2018, 42(4): 455-460.
WANG Hongyan, GUO Wei, LIANG Feng, et al. Biostratigraphy of Ordovician—Silurian black shale at well Zi-201, south Sichuan[J]. Journal of Stratigraphy, 2018, 42(4): 455-460.
[14] 戎嘉余, 陈旭. 华南晚奥陶世的动物群分异及生物相、岩相分布模式[J]. 古生物学报, 1987, 26(5): 507-535.
RONG Jiayu, CHEN Xu. Faunal differentiation, biofacies and lithofacies pattern of late Ordovician(Ashgillian) in south China[J]. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, 1987, 26(5): 507-535.
[15] 戎嘉余, 黄冰. 生物大灭绝研究三十年[J]. 中国科学: 地球科学, 2014, 44(3): 377-404.
RONG Jiayu, HUANG Bing. Study of mass extinction over the past thirty years: A synopsis[J]. SCIENCES CHINA Earth Sciences, 2014, 44(3): 377-404.
[16] 戎嘉余. 上扬子区晚奥陶世海退的生态地层证据与冰川活动影响[J]. 地层学杂志, 1984, 8(1): 19-29.
RONG Jiayu. Ecostratigraphic evidence of the Upper Ordovician regressive sequences and the effect of glaciation[J]. Journal of Stratigraphy, 1984, 8(1): 19-29.
[17] LAZAR O R, BOHACS K M, MACQUAKER J H S, et al. Capturing key attributes of fine-grained sedimentary rocks in outcrops, cores, and thin sections: Nomenclature and description guidelines[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 2015, 85: 230-246.
[18] 陈启林, 黄成刚. 沉积岩中溶蚀作用对储集层的改造研究进展[J].地球科学进展, 2018, 33(11): 1112-1129.
CHEN Qilin, HUANG Chenggang. Research progress of modification of reservoirs by dissolution in sedimentary rock[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2018, 33(11): 1112-1129.
[19] 施振生, 董大忠, 王红岩, 等. 含气页岩不同纹层及组合储集层特征差异性及其成因: 以四川盆地下志留统龙马溪组一段典型井为例[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2020, 47(4): 829-840.
SHI Zhensheng, DONG Dazhong, WANG Hongyan, et al. Reservoir characteristics and genetic mechanism of gas-bearing shales with different laminae and laminae combinations: A case study of Member 1 of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale in Sichuan Basin, SW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2020, 47(4): 829-840.
[20] 胡艳华, 孙卫东, 丁兴, 等. 奥陶纪—志留纪边界附近火山活动记录: 来自华南周缘钾质斑脱岩的信息[J]. 岩石学报, 2009, 25(12): 3298-3308.
HU Yanhua, SUN Weidong, DING Xing, et al. Volcanic event at the Ordovician-Silurian boundary: The message from K-bentonite of Yangtze Block[J]. Acta Petrol Sinica, 2009, 25(12): 3298-3308.
[21] 牟传龙, 葛祥英, 余谦, 等. 川西南地区五峰—龙马溪组黑色页岩古气候及物源特征: 来自新地2井地球化学记录[J]. 古地理学报, 2019, 21(5): 835-854.
MOU Chuanlong, GE Xiangying, YU Qian, et al. Palaeoclimatology and provenance of black shales from Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in southwestern Sichuan Province: From geochemical records of Well Xindi-2[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2019, 21(5): 835-854.
[22] 何龙, 王云鹏, 陈多福. 川南地区晚奥陶—早志留世沉积环境与古气候的地球化学特征[J]. 地球化学, 2019, 48(6): 555-566.
HE Long, WANG Yunpeng, CHEN Duofu. Geochemical features of sedimentary environment and paleoclimate during Late Ordovician to Early Silurian in southern Sichuan Basin[J]. Geochimica, 2019, 48(6): 555-566.
[23] 邱振, 江增光, 董大忠, 等. 巫溪地区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩有机质沉积模式[J]. 中国矿业大学学报, 2017, 46(5): 1134-1143.
QIU Zhen, JIANG Zengguang, DONG Dazhong, et al. Organic matter enrichment model of the shale in Wufeng-Longmaxi formation of Wuxi area[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2007, 46(5): 1134-1143.
[24] 李艳芳, 邵德勇, 吕海刚, 等. 四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组海相页岩元素地球化学特征与有机质富集的关系[J]. 石油学报, 2015, 36(12): 1470-1483.
LI Yanfang, SHAO Deyong, LYU Haigang, et al. A relationship between elemental geochemical characteristics and organic matter enrichment in marine shale of Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation, Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2015, 36(12): 1470-1483.
[25] 王鹏万, 张磊, 李昌, 等. 黑色页岩氧化—还原条件与有机质富集机制: 以昭通页岩气示范区A井五峰组—龙马溪组下段为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2017, 38(5): 933-943.
WANG Pengwan, ZHANG Lei, LI Chang, et al. Redox conditions and organic enrichment mechanisms of back shale: A case from the Wufeng-lower Longmaxi Formations in Well A in Zhaotong shale gas demonstration area[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2017, 38(5): 933-943.
[26] 卢龙飞, 秦建中, 申宝剑, 等. 中上扬子地区五峰组—龙马溪组硅质页岩的生物成因证据及其与页岩气富集的关系[J]. 地学前缘, 2018, 25(4): 226-236.
LU Longfei, QIN Jianzhong, SHEN Baojian, et al. The origin of biogenic silica in siliceous shale from Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in the Middle and Upper Yangtze region and its relationship with shale gas enrichment[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2018, 25(4): 226-236.
[27] 赵建华, 金之钧, 金振奎, 等. 四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组含气页岩中石英成因研究[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2016, 27(2): 377-386.
ZHAO Jianhua, JIN Zhijun, JIN Zhenkui, et al. The genesis of quartz in Wufeng-Longmaxi gas shales, Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2016, 27(2): 377-386.
[28] 施振生, 邱振. 海相细粒沉积层理类型及其油气勘探开发意义[J].沉积学报, 2021, 39(1): 181-196.
SHI Zhensheng, QIU Zhen. Main bedding types of marine fine-grained sediments and their significance for oil and gas exploration and development[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2021, 39(1): 181-196.
[29] 赵杏媛, 杨威, 罗俊成. 塔里木盆地粘土矿物[M]. 武汉: 中国地质大学出版社, 2001.
ZHAO Xingyuan, YANG Wei, LUO Juncheng.Clay minerals of the Tarim Basin[M]. Wuhan: China University of Geosciences Press, 2001.
[30] NIE Haikuan, JIN Zhijun, SUN Chuanxiang, et al. Organic matter types of the Wufeng and Longmaxi Formations in the Sichuan Basin, South China: Implications for the formation of organic matter pores[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2019, 33: 8076-8100.
[31] 吴熙纯. 川西北晚三叠世卡尼期硅质海绵礁-鲕滩组合的沉积相分析[J]. 古地理学报, 2009, 11(2): 125-142.
WU Xichun. Sedimentary facies analysis of the Late Triassic Carnian siliceous sponge reef-oolitic bank complex in northwestern Sichuan Province[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography, 2009, 11(2): 125-142.
[32] 李勇, 苏德辰, 董顺利, 等. 晚三叠世龙门山前陆盆地早期(卡尼期)碳酸盐缓坡和海绵礁的淹没过程与动力机制[J]. 岩石学报, 2011, 27(11): 3460-3470.
LI Yong, SU Dechen, DONG Shunli, et al. Dynamic of drowning of the carbonate ramp and sponge build-up in the early stage (Carnian) of Longmen Shan foreland basin, Late Triassic, China[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2011, 27(11): 3460-3470.
[33] 王玉满, 陈波, 李新景, 等. 川东北地区下志留统龙马溪组上升洋流相页岩沉积特征[J]. 石油学报, 2018, 39(10): 1092-1102.
WANG Yuman, CHEN Bo, LI Xinjing, et al. Sedimentary characteristics of upwelling facies shale in Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation, northeast Sichuan area[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2018, 39(10): 1092-1102.
[34] MACQUAKER J H S, KELLER M A, DAVIES S J. Algal blooms and “marine snow”: Mechanisms that enhance preservation of organic carbon in ancient fine-grained sediments[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 2010, 80: 9340942.
[35] 郭旭升, 李宇平, 腾格尔, 等. 四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组深水陆棚相页岩生储机理探讨[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2020, 47(1): 193-201.
GUO Xusheng, LI Yuping, BORJIGEN Tenger, et al. Hydrocarbon generation and storage mechanisms of deep-water shelf shales of Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Sichuan Basin, China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2020, 47(1): 193-201.
[36] 胡斌, 王冠忠, 齐永安. 痕迹学理论与应用[M]. 徐州: 中国矿业大学出版社, 1997.
HU Bin, WANG Guanzhong, QI Yong’an.Theory of technology and its application[M]. Xuzhou: China University of Mining and Technology Press, 1997.
[37] 施振生, 孙莎莎. 海相页岩层理及孔隙特征[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 2020.
SHI Zhensheng, SUN Shasha.Bedding and pore characters of marine shale[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2020.
[38] 邹才能, 赵群, 董大忠, 等. 页岩气基本特征、主要挑战与未来前景[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2017, 28(12): 1781-1796.
ZOU Caineng, ZHAO Qun, DONG Dazhong, et al. Geological characteristics, main challenges and future prospect of shale gas[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2017, 28(12): 1781-1796.
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉

版权所有：《石油勘探与开发》编辑部；《石油勘探与开发（英文）》编辑部
地址：北京市海淀区学院路20号，中国石油勘探开发研究院数据中心605室　

京ICP备15044687号    技术支持：北京玛格泰克科技发展有限公司