石油勘探与开发 >

2021 , Vol. 48 >Issue 4: 756 - 767

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11698/PED.2021.04.08

油气勘探

干旱地区分支河流体系沉积特征——以疏勒河分支河流体系为例

  • 张祥辉 ,
  • 张昌民 ,
  • 冯文杰 ,
  • 徐清海 ,
  • 朱锐 ,
  • 刘帅 ,
  • 黄若鑫
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  • 长江大学地球科学学院,武汉 430100
张祥辉（1993-）,男,湖北黄冈人,长江大学在读博士研究生,主要从事沉积学与石油地质学方面研究。地址：湖北省武汉市蔡甸区大学路111号,长江大学地球科学学院,邮政编码：430100。E-mail：zxhedu@126.com

收稿日期: 2020-06-18

  修回日期: 2021-06-20

  网络出版日期: 2021-07-23

基金资助

国家自然科学基金“中国西部主要盆地周缘及邻区分支河流体系分布与沉积模式”（41772094）; 国家科技重大专项“深层优势储层沉积成因机制及地质预测技术”（2016ZX05027-002-007）

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Sedimentary characteristics of distributive fluvial system in arid area: A case study of the Shule River distributive fluvial system

  • ZHANG Xianghui ,
  • ZHANG Changmin ,
  • FENG Wenjie ,
  • XU Qinghai ,
  • ZHU Rui ,
  • LIU Shuai ,
  • HUANG Ruoxin
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  • School of Geosciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China

Received date: 2020-06-18

  Revised date: 2021-06-20

  Online published: 2021-07-23

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摘要

基于疏勒河分支河流体系现代沉积的详细调查以及无人机航拍和卫星遥感等资料,分析干旱地区分支河流体系沉积特征及其差异。通过分析疏勒河支流从顶点到末端不同区域坡度、河流形态、沉积特征等因素的变化特征,将疏勒河分支河流体系划分为“近端”、“中部”、“远端”3个相带。分支河流的近端坡度最大,水动力条件较强,主要表现为大型辫状河沉积,心滩以砾质为主,砾石磨圆度较好,具有一定的定向性,砾石大小为中—巨砾,砂质含量较少,主要发育辫状河道和泛滥平原等微相。中部相比近端坡度减小,主要以高度分汊的分汊状辫状河沉积为主,受分汊和下渗的影响,水动力条件减弱,部分支流干涸,表现为暂时性河流,可见小型透镜状砂体发育,砾石粒径主要以细—中砾为主,砂质含量增高,主要发育辫状河道、泛滥平原和风成沙丘等微相。远端坡度最小,地势平坦,河流开始由辫状河向曲流河转变,沉积物主要以砂质为主,由于受坡降的影响,向源侵蚀减弱,侧向侵蚀加强,在活动朵体边缘,边滩沉积发育,在远端的底部河流完全曲流化,主要发育有辫状河道、曲流河道、泛滥平原、风成沙丘、湖泊和沼泽等微相。 图14 表3 参31

关键词： 祁连山; 疏勒河; 分支河流体系; 河流形态; 砂体展布; 沉积特征; 沉积构造

本文引用格式

张祥辉 , 张昌民 , 冯文杰 , 徐清海 , 朱锐 , 刘帅 , 黄若鑫 . 干旱地区分支河流体系沉积特征——以疏勒河分支河流体系为例[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2021 , 48(4) : 756 -767 . DOI: 10.11698/PED.2021.04.08

Abstract

Based on detailed investigation of the modern sedimentation of the distributive fluvial system of Shule River and the data of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aerial photography and satellite remote sensing, the sedimentary characteristics and differences of distributive fluvial system in arid areas are analyzed. By comparing the changes in slope, river morphology and sedimentary characteristics in different sections from the apex to the toe, the distributive fluvial system of Shule River can be divided into three facies belts: “proximal”, “middle” and “distal”. The proximal belt has the largest slope and strongest hydrodynamic condition, mainly appears as large-scale braided river deposits; the fluvial bars in this belt are mainly composed of gravels, the gravels have good roundness and certain directionality, and are medium-large boulders, with low sand content; the main microfacies in this belt are braided channel and flood plain. The middle belt with slope smaller than the proximal belt, is mainly composed of braided bifurcating river deposits. Due to branching and infiltration, this belt has weaker hydrodynamic conditions, so some of the distributive rivers dry up, appearing as ephemeral rivers. This belt has small lenticular sandbodies, fine to medium gravels, higher sand content, and mainly braided channel, flood plain and aeolian dune microfacies. The distal belt has the smallest slope and flat terrain, where the river begins to transform from braided river to meandering river, the sediment is mainly sand. Due to the influence of slope, this belt has weaker erosion toward source and stronger lateral erosion, and point bars developing around the edge of the active lobes. In this belt, the river is completely meandering, and the main microfacies are braided channel, meandering channel, flood plain, aeolian dune, lake and swamp.

Key words： Qilian mountain; Shule River; distributive fluvial system; river morphology; sandbody distribution; sedimentary characteristic; sedimentary structure

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