为高效开发准噶尔盆地玛湖致密砾岩油田,开展了一系列理论探索和矿场试验。在理论探索方面,提出了致密砾岩复杂缝网绕砾成缝、井间主动干扰等理论,发展了立体交错井网优化部署、空间应力场主动控制与利用、多元协同优化等关键技术,形成了砾岩不同于页岩的特殊沉积结构和强非均质性是形成复杂缝网的有利条件、小井距一次井网能够控制和利用井间干扰使缝网更加复杂化、通过协同优化可以实现最优规模和最佳形态压裂等认识。在矿场试验方面,经历了直井注水、直井衰竭、水平井体积压裂开采等试验,在确定“水平井+多级压裂”为主体开发技术后,又进行了水平井井距和段长、缝簇间距以及压裂方式、规模和顺序等矿场试验。特别是在玛131井区,按照地质工程一体化思路,创新采用“大井丛、多层系、小井距、长井段、交错式、密切割、拉链式、工厂化”系列技术,建立了100,150 m小井距高效立体开发试验示范区。半年以上生产实践表明,示范区单井平均产油量优于500,400,300 m井距对应井组,储量动用率大幅提升,采收率显著提高,最终单井累计产量与大井距井组最好水平相当,经济效益明显优于区块平均水平。图19表6参12
李国欣
,
覃建华
,
鲜成钢
,
范希彬
,
张景
,
丁艺
. 致密砾岩油田高效开发理论认识、关键技术与实践--以准噶尔盆地玛湖油田为例[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2020
, 47(6)
: 1185
-1197
.
DOI: 10.11698/PED.2020.06.11
A series of theoretical explorations and field tests have been carried out to efficiently develop the Mahu tight conglomerate oilfield in the Junggar Basin. Concepts of steered-by-edge fracturing and proactive fracturing interference were proposed. Innovative technologies were developed and implemented including optimization of 3-D staggered well pattern, proactive control and utilization of spatial stress field, and synergetic optimization of multiple elements. The unique fabric and strong heterogeneities of tight conglomerate formation different from shale are favorable factors for forming complex fractures, small space well pattern can control and make use of interwell interference to increase the complexity of fracture network, and the “right-size and right-distribution” hydraulic fracturing can be achieved through synergetic optimization. In terms of field test, after water injection through vertical wells, depletion with hydraulically fractured vertical wells, and volume fracturing in horizontal wells were tested, the multi-stage fracturing with horizontal well was taken as the primary development technology. Numbers of engineering methods were tested, and key development parameters were evaluated such as well spacing, lateral length, fractures spacing, fracturing size, and fracturing operation process. Guided by geoengineering approach, the 100 m/150 m small spacing staggered cube pad was established with systematic integration of big well clusters, multiple stacked pay zones, small well spacing, long lateral length, fine perforation clustering, zipper fracturing and factory operation. According to half-year production performance, 100 m/150 m small spacing wells outperformed 500 m/400 m/300 m spacing wells. Its average EUR of wells was identical with those best wells from large-spacing area. Compared with the overall performance of Mahu oilfield, the drainage efficiency and estimated recovery factor of this pilot were significantly boosted with improved economics.
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