石油勘探与开发 >

2020 , Vol. 47 >Issue 5: 1039 - 1051

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11698/PED.2020.05.18

石油工程

层理发育的页岩气储集层压裂裂缝扩展模拟

  • 周彤 ,
  • 王海波 ,
  • 李凤霞 ,
  • 李远照 ,
  • 邹雨时 ,
  • 张驰
展开
  • 1.中国石化石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083;
    2.中石化重庆涪陵页岩气勘探开发有限公司,重庆 408014;
    3.中国石油大学(北京),北京 102249
周彤(1986-),男,博士,山东济宁人,中国石化石油勘探开发研究院高级工程师,主要从事非常规油气储集层压裂改造的相关研究工作。地址:北京市海淀区学院路31号,中国石化石油勘探开发研究院采油工程研究所,邮政编码:100083。E-mail:zhout1986@126.com

收稿日期: 2019-11-28

  修回日期: 2020-08-18

  网络出版日期: 2020-09-22

基金资助

国家科技重大专项“页岩气水平井压后裂缝参数评价”(2016ZX05060001-032);中石化科技项目“涪陵页岩气水平井压后效果评价技术研究”(P18052-5)

收起

Numerical simulation of hydraulic fracture propagation in laminated shale reservoirs

  • ZHOU Tong ,
  • WANG Haibo ,
  • LI Fengxia ,
  • LI Yuanzhao ,
  • ZOU Yushi ,
  • ZHANG Chi
Expand
  • 1. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Sinopec, Beijing 100083, China;
    2. Shale Gas Exploration and Development Co., Ltd., Sinopec, Chongqing 408014, China;
    3. China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China

Received date: 2019-11-28

  Revised date: 2020-08-18

  Online published: 2020-09-22

Fold

摘要

以涪陵页岩气田焦石坝背斜主体区为研究对象,通过室内岩石力学实验和直剪实验明确了层理发育的岩石力学各向异性特征及其参数;结合室内实验评价结果,基于离散元方法建立了考虑力学各向异性、层理弱面和纵向应力差异的目标储集层三维压裂裂缝扩展模型,分析了不同层理弱面发育密度、层理强度以及压裂工程参数(射孔簇数、排量和压裂液黏度)条件下的水力裂缝展布规律。研究表明:综合考虑层理弱面和纵向应力差异的影响,研究区3~4 MPa的隔层应力差异将缝高控制在应力遮挡层内,缝高低于40 m;若不考虑层理弱面影响,缝高扩展预测结果明显较高。高密度层理缝的开启增加了水力裂缝复杂性,但显著限制了水力裂缝缝高的延伸。通过降低簇数、提高排量、增加前置液阶段高黏度压裂液用量及比例,可以减少层理弱面与纵向应力差异对缝高扩展的限制,促使裂缝纵向延伸。利用裂缝扩展模型对涪陵页岩气田焦页A井压裂施工段进行模拟,模拟结果与微地震裂缝监测结果相符。图13表4参34

关键词： 页岩; 层理; 水力压裂; 裂缝扩展规律; 纵向应力差异; 焦石坝背斜; 页岩气储集层

本文引用格式

周彤 , 王海波 , 李凤霞 , 李远照 , 邹雨时 , 张驰 . 层理发育的页岩气储集层压裂裂缝扩展模拟[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2020 , 47(5) : 1039 -1051 . DOI: 10.11698/PED.2020.05.18

Abstract

The main area of the Jiaoshiba anticline of the Fuling shale gas field was taken as the research object, laboratory rock mechanical experiments and direct shear experiments were conducted to clarify the mechanical anisotropy characteristics and parameters of rock samples with rich beddings. Based on the experimental results, a 3D fracture propagation model of the target reservoir taking mechanical anisotropy, weak bedding plane and vertical stress difference into account was established by the discrete element method to analyze distribution patterns of hydraulic fractures under different bedding densities, mechanical properties, and fracturing engineering parameters (including perforation clusters, injection rates and fracturing fluid viscosity). The research results show that considering the influence of the weak bedding plane and longitudinal stress difference, the interlayer stress difference 3-4 MPa in the study area can control the fracture height within the zone of stress barrier, and the fracture height is less than 40 m. If the influence of the weak bedding plane is not considered, the simulation result of fracture height is obviously higher. Although the opening of high-density bedding fractures increases the complexity of hydraulic fractures, it significantly limited the propagation of fracture height. By reducing the number of clusters, increasing the injection rate, and increasing the volume and proportion of high-viscosity fracturing fluid in the pad stage, the restriction on fracture height due to the bedding plane and vertical stress difference can be reduced, and the longitudinal propagation of fractures can be promoted. The fracture propagation model was used to simulate one stage of Well A in Fuling shale gas field, and the simulation results were consistent with the micro-seismic monitoring results.

Key words： shale; lamina; hydraulic fracturing; fracture propagation law; longitudinal stress difference; Jiaoshiba anticline; shale gas reservoir

参考文献

[1] XU W, THIERCELIN M, GANGULY U, et al.Wiremesh: A novel shale fracture simulator[R]. SPE 132218, 2010.
[2] MEYER B R, BAZAN L W.A discrete fracture network model for hydraulically-induced fractures: Theory, parametric and case studies[R]. SPE 140514, 2011.
[3] NAGEL N, IVAN G, MARISELA S N, et al.Simulating hydraulic fracturing in real fractured rock: Overcoming the limits of pseudo 3D models[R]. SPE 140480, 2011.
[4] WENG X, KRESSE O, COHEN C E, et al.Modeling of hydraulic fracture network propagation in a naturally fractured formation[R]. SPE 140253, 2011.
[5] BAO J Q, FATHI E, AMERI S.A coupled finite element method for the numerical simulation of hydraulic fracturing with a condensation technique[J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 2014, 131(2): 269-281.
[6] SHIN D H.Factors controlling the simultaneous propagation of multiple competing fractures in a horizontal well[M]. USA: Prentice Hall, 2014.
[7] OLSON J E.Multi-fracture propagation modeling: Applications to hydraulic fracturing in shales and tight gas sands[R]. ARMA 08327, 2008.
[8] 胥云, 陈铭, 吴奇, 等. 水平井体积改造应力干扰计算模型及其应用[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2016, 43(5): 780-786.
XU Yun, CHEN Ming, WU Qi, et al.Stress interference calculation model and its application in volume stimulation of horizontal wells[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2016, 43(5): 780-786.
[9] 周彤, 陈铭, 张士诚, 等. 非均匀应力场影响下的裂缝扩展模拟及投球暂堵优化[J]. 天然气工业, 2020, 40(3): 82-91.
ZHOU Tong, CHEN Ming, ZHANG Shicheng, et al.Simulation of fracture propagation and optimization of ball-sealer in-stage diversion under the effect of heterogeneous stress field in a horizontal well[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2020, 40(3): 82-91.
[10] 陈铭, 张士诚, 胥云, 等. 水平井分段压裂平面三维多裂缝扩展模型求解算法[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2020, 47(1): 163-174.
CHEN Ming, ZHANG Shicheng, XU Yun, et al.A numerical method for simulating planar 3D multi-fracture propagation in multi-stage fracturing of horizontal wells[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2020, 47(1): 163-174.
[11] DAHI T A, OLSON J E.Numerical modeling of multi-stranded hydraulic fracture propagation: Accounting for the interaction between induced and natural fractures[J]. SPE Journal, 2011, 16(3): 575-581.
[12] GORDELIY E, PEIRCE A.Implicit level set schemes for modeling hydraulic fractures using the XFEM[J]. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering, 2013, 266: 125-143.
[13] ZHAO X, YOUNG R.Numerical simulation of seismicity induced by hydraulic fracturing in naturally fractured reservoirs[R]. SPE 124690, 2009.
[14] ZANGENEH N, EBERHARDT E, BUSTIN R M.Investigation of the influence of natural fractures and in situ stress on hydraulic fracture propagation using a distinct-element approach[J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2015, 52(7): 926-946.
[15] NAGEL N B, SANCHEZ M A, ZHANG F, et al.Coupled numerical evaluations of the geomechanical interactions between a hydraulic fracture stimulation and a natural fracture system in shale formations[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2013, 46(3): 581-609.
[16] ZOU Y, ZHANG S, MA X, et al.Numerical investigation of hydraulic fracture network propagation in naturally fractured shale formations[J]. Journal of Structural Geology, 2016, 84: 1-13.
[17] MIEHE C, HOFACKER M, SCHÄNZEL L M, et al.Phase field modeling of fracture in multi-physics problems. Part II. Coupled brittle-to-ductile failure criteria and crack propagation in thermo-elastic-plastic solids[J]. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 2015, 294(1): 486-522.
[18] 刘国威, 李庆斌, 左正. 相场断裂模型分步算法在ABAQUS中的实现[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2016, 35(5): 1019-1030.
LIU Guowei, LI Qingbin, ZUO Zheng.Implementation of a staggered algorithm for a phase field model in ABAQUS[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2016, 35(5): 1019-1030.
[19] 柳占立, 庄茁, 王涛, 等. 页岩水力压裂的关键力学问题[J]. 固体力学学报, 2016, 37(1): 39-49.
LIU Zhanli, ZHUANG Zhuo, WANG Tao, et al.The key mechanical problems on hydraulic fracture in shale[J]. Chinese Journal of Solid Mechanics, 2016, 37(1): 39-49.
[20] 张士诚, 郭天魁, 周彤, 等. 天然页岩压裂裂缝扩展机理试验[J]. 石油学报, 2014, 35(3): 496-503.
ZHANG Shicheng, GUO Tiankui, ZHOU Tong, et al.Fracture propagation mechanism experiment of hydraulic fracturing in natural shale[J]. ActaPetroleiSinica, 2014, 35(3): 496-503.
[21] 许丹, 胡瑞林, 高玮, 等. 页岩纹层结构对水力裂缝扩展规律的影响[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2015, 42(4): 523-528.
XU Dan, HU Ruilin, GAO Wei, et al.Effects of laminated structure on hydraulic fracture propagation in shale[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2015, 42(4): 523-528.
[22] 衡帅, 杨春和, 曾义金, 等. 页岩水力压裂裂缝形态的试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2014, 36(7): 1243-1251.
HENG Shuai, YANG Chunhe, ZENG Yijin, et al.Experimental study on hydraulic fracture geometry of shale[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2014, 36(7): 1243-1251.
[23] ZOU Y, ZHANG S, ZHOU T, et al.Experimental investigation into hydraulic fracture network propagation in gas shales using CT scanning technology[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2016, 49(1): 33-45.
[24] CHEN Z, JEFFREY R G, ZHANG X, et al.Finite-element simulation of a hydraulic fracture interacting with a natural fracture[R]. SPE 176970, 2017.
[25] CUNDALL P A, STRACK O D L. A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies[J]. Geotechnique, 1979, 29(1): 47-65.
[26] ZOU Y, MA X, ZHANG S, et al.Numerical investigation into the influence of bedding plane on hydraulic fracture network propagation in shale formations[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2016, 49: 3597-3614.
[27] ZOU Y, MA X, ZHOU T, et al.Hydraulic fracture growth in a layered formation based on fracturing experiments and discrete element modeling[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2017, 50: 2381-2395.
[28] 马永生, 蔡勋育, 赵培荣. 中国页岩气勘探开发理论认识与实践[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2018, 45(4): 561-574.
MA Yongsheng, CAI Xunyu, ZHAO Peirong.China’s shale gas exploration and development: Understanding and practice[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018, 45(4): 561-574.
[29] MUNJIZA A.The combined finite-discrete element method[M]. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons, 2004.
[30] JAEGER J C, COOK N G W, ZIMMERMAN R. Fundamental of Rock Mechanics[M]. 4th ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2009.
[31] HENG S, YANG C, ZHANGB, et al.Experimental research on anisotropic properties of shale[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2015, 36(3): 606-616.
[32] LEKHNITSKII S G.Theory of elasticity of an anisotropic body[M]. Russian: Mir Publishers, 1981.
[33] ZIMMERMAN R W, BODVARSSON GS.Hydraulic conductivity of rock fractures[J]. Transport in Porous Media, 1996, 23(1): 1-30.
[34] ADACHI J, SIEBRITS E, PEIRCE A, et al.Computer simulation of hydraulic fractures[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences, 2007, 44(5): 739-757.
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉

版权所有：《石油勘探与开发》编辑部；《石油勘探与开发（英文）》编辑部
地址：北京市海淀区学院路20号，中国石油勘探开发研究院数据中心605室　

京ICP备15044687号    技术支持：北京玛格泰克科技发展有限公司