石油勘探与开发 >

2020 , Vol. 47 >Issue 5: 870 - 883

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11698/PED.2020.05.03

油气勘探

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系长7段页岩油地质特征与勘探实践

  • 付金华 ,
  • 李士祥 ,
  • 牛小兵 ,
  • 邓秀芹 ,
  • 周新平
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  • 1.低渗透油气田勘探开发国家工程实验室,西安 710018;
    2.中国石油长庆油田分公司,西安 710018;
    3.中国石油长庆油田分公司勘探开发研究院,西安 710018;
    4.中国石油长庆油田分公司第11采油厂,西安 710000;
    5.中国石油大学(华东),山东青岛 266580
付金华(1963-),男,湖北黄冈人,博士,中国石油长庆油田分公司教授级高级工程师,主要从事油气勘探开发研究和管理工作。地址:陕西省西安市未央区未央路151号,长庆油田分公司,邮政编码:710018。E-mail:fjh_cq@petrochina.com.cn

收稿日期: 2020-03-04

  修回日期: 2020-07-06

  网络出版日期: 2020-09-22

基金资助

国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05050);国家重点基础研究发展计划“973计划”(2014CB239003)

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Geological characteristics and exploration of shale oil in Chang 7 Member of Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, NW China

  • FU Jinhua ,
  • LI Shixiang ,
  • NIU Xiaobing ,
  • DENG Xiuqin ,
  • ZHOU Xinping
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  • 1. National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low-Permeability Oil & Gas Fields, Xi'an 710018, China;
    2. PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi'an 710018, China;
    3. Exploration and Development Research Institute of PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi'an 710018, China;
    4. No.8 Oil Production Plant, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi'an 710000, China;
    5. China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China

Received date: 2020-03-04

  Revised date: 2020-07-06

  Online published: 2020-09-22

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摘要

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组7段是晚三叠世湖盆发育鼎盛时期所形成的一套以泥页岩类为主的烃源岩层系,地层厚度约110 m,针对这套层系能否形成规模性含油富集和能否形成工业产能,开展了多年的综合地质研究和勘探实践,取得了重要地质认识。①广泛分布的黑色页岩和暗色泥岩构成了页岩油丰富的油源物质基础,其中黑色页岩平均有机质丰度为13.81%,暗色泥岩平均有机质丰度为3.74%;②夹持于厚层富有机质泥页岩层系内的薄层砂质岩类构成了含油富集的甜点段,薄砂岩平均厚度为3.5 m;③细砂岩及粉砂岩储集层孔喉尺度小,孔隙半径集中在2~8 μm,喉道半径主要为20~150 nm,微米孔隙纳米喉道多尺度分布,数量众多,通过压裂改造,其内部流体可形成良好流动性;④地质历史时期持续高强度生烃,使烃源岩与薄层储集体之间的源储压力差达8~16 MPa,强大的动力充注形成了大面积含油饱和度高达70%以上的页岩油富集。在以上理论认识指导下,通过实施规模整体勘探部署,并结合水平井体积压裂提产,2019年中国石油长庆油田分公司在长7段源内多期叠置砂岩型Ⅰ类页岩油中探明了10×108 t级庆城大油田,并针对长73亚段厚层泥页岩夹薄层粉—细砂岩型Ⅱ类页岩油部署了两口风险勘探水平井,试油均获日产百吨以上高产油流,取得了烃源岩层系内Ⅰ类页岩油勘探开发的重大突破和Ⅱ类页岩油的新发现,推动非常规石油领域实现了新的发展。图13表1参30

关键词： 三叠系; 延长组; 长7段; 页岩油; 富集主控因素; 庆城油田; 鄂尔多斯盆地

本文引用格式

付金华 , 李士祥 , 牛小兵 , 邓秀芹 , 周新平 . 鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系长7段页岩油地质特征与勘探实践[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2020 , 47(5) : 870 -883 . DOI: 10.11698/PED.2020.05.03

Abstract

A set of shale-dominated source rocks series were deposited during the heyday of lake basin development in the Member 7 of Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, and the thickness is about 110 m. Aimed at whether this layer can form large-scale oil enrichment of industrial value, comprehensive geological research and exploration practice have been carried out for years and obtained the following important geologic findings. Firstly, widely distributed black shale and dark mudstone with an average organic matter abundance of 13.81% and 3.74%, respectively, lay solid material foundation for the formation of shale oil. Secondly, sandy rocks sandwiched in thick organic-rich shale formations constitute an oil-rich “sweet spot”, the average thickness of thin sandstone is 3.5 m. Thirdly, fine-grained sandstone and siltstone reservoirs have mainly small pores of 2-8 μm and throats of 20-150 nm in radius, but with a large number of micro-pores and nano-throats, through fracturing, the reservoirs can provide good conductivity for the fluid in it. Fourthly, continued high-intensity hydrocarbon generation led to a pressure difference between the source rock and thin-layer reservoir of up to 8-16 MPa during geological history, driven by the high pressure, the oil charged into the reservoirs in large area, with oil saturation reaching more than 70%. Under the guidance of the above theory, in 2019, the Qingcheng oilfield with geologic oil reserves of billion ton order was proved in the classⅠmulti-stage superimposed sandstone shale reservoir of Chang 7 Member by the Changqing Oilfield Branch through implementation of overall exploration and horizontal well volume fracturing. Two risk exploration horizontal wells were deployed for the classⅡ thick layer mud shale interbedded with thin layers of silt- and fine-sandstones reservoir in the Chang 73 submember, and they were tested high yield oil flows of more than 100 tons per day, marking major breakthroughs in petroleum exploration in classⅠshale reservoirs. The new discoveries have expanded the domain of unconventional petroleum exploration.

Key words： Triassic; Yanchang Formation; Chang 7 Member; shale oil; main controlling factors of enrichment; Qingcheng oilfield; Ordos Basin

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