采用井筒气液多相流理论分析了隔水管外溢流早期监测的可行性,基于多普勒超声波原理,设计了隔水管外气侵早期监测模拟实验平台,开展了多普勒超声波在气-清水（蔗糖溶液）两相流中的传播实验,并对信号进行了时域、频域分析。研究表明：①无论开泵循环或停泵,深水钻井隔水管外多普勒超声波信号电压均值均随着含气率的上升先上升后下降,并与含气率具有二次函数关系,采用监测信号电压均值变化可定量反推对应含气率的近似值。多普勒超声波信号在黏度较大的溶液中幅值明显减小且变化趋势变缓,黏度的影响远大于密度。②停泵状态下多普勒频移量随含气率的增大而增大,二者基本呈线性关系,采用监测多普勒频移量可定量描述含气率的变化。开泵循环状态下变频器产生的声能对幅度谱的影响超过了含气率的影响,频域信号分析不能判断是否发生气侵。③隔水管外多普勒超声波法气侵早期监测为非接触式测量手段,不直接接触流体、不受钻井工况影响,可根据多普勒超声波信号的变化对含气率进行定量表征,实现深水钻井气侵的早期监测。图18参19
尹邦堂
,
林英松
,
王志远
,
孙宝江
,
刘书杰
,
孙金声
,
侯健
,
任美鹏
,
王宁
. 深水钻井隔水管外多普勒超声波气侵早期监测方法[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2020
, 47(4)
: 789
-797
.
DOI: 10.11698/PED.2020.04.16
The feasibility of gas kick early detection outside the riser was analyzed based on gas-liquid multiphase flow theory. Then an experimental platform for gas kick early detection based on Doppler ultrasonic wave was established and the propagation experiments in two-phase flow of gas-water (sucrose solutions) were conducted. The time and frequency domains of the Doppler ultrasonic wave signals during the experiments were analyzed. The results show that: (1) No matter the pump was on or off, the detected average Doppler ultrasonic signal voltage increased first and then decreased with the increase of the gas void fraction, and had a quadratic function relation with gas void fraction, so the average voltage change of the monitored signals can be used to deduce the approximate gas void fraction. The Doppler ultrasonic wave signal voltage was significantly reduced in magnitude and variation in the solution with higher viscosity, and the viscosity has stronger impact on the magnitude of signal than density. (2) When the pump was stopped, the Doppler shift increased with the increase of gas void fraction, and the two showed a nearly linear relation, so the detected amount of Doppler shift can reflect the variation of gas void fraction quantitatively. When the pump was on, the sound energy produced by frequency converter had a more significant impact on amplitude spectrum than gas void fraction, so it is impossible to determine whether gas kick occurs by frequency domain signal analysis. (3) This method is a non-contact measurement, with no contact with the drilling fluid and no disruption to the drilling operation. It can quantitatively characterize the gas void fraction according to the change of Doppler ultrasonic signal, enabling earlier detection of gas kick.
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