石油勘探与开发 >

2020 , Vol. 47 >Issue 3: 476 - 489

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11698/PED.2020.03.04

油气勘探

浅水超覆沉积富有机质细粒沉积物沉积环境与岩石学特征——以塔里木盆地西北部寒武系玉尔吐斯组为例

  • 金值民 ,
  • 谭秀成 ,
  • 唐浩 ,
  • 沈安江 ,
  • 乔占峰 ,
  • 郑剑锋 ,
  • 李飞 ,
  • 张世轩 ,
  • 陈雷 ,
  • 周成刚
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  • 1. 油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室（西南石油大学）,成都 610500;
    2. 中国石油集团碳酸盐岩储层重点实验室,杭州 310023;
    3. 中国石油东方地球物理公司研究院库尔勒分院,新疆库尔勒 841000
金值民（1994-）,男,甘肃张掖人,现为西南石油大学在读博士研究生,主要从事储集层地质学方面研究。地址：四川省成都市新都区,西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院,邮政编码：610500。E-mail: jzmssg052@163.com

收稿日期: 2019-08-07

  网络出版日期: 2020-05-19

基金资助

国家“十三五”科技攻关重大专项（2016ZX05004002-001）; 国家自然科学基金项目（41602147）

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Sedimentary environment and petrological features of organic-rich fine sediments in shallow water overlapping deposits: A case study of Cambrian Yuertus Formation in northwestern Tarim Basin, NW China

  • JIN Zhimin ,
  • TAN Xiucheng ,
  • TANG Hao ,
  • SHEN Anjiang ,
  • QIAO Zhanfeng ,
  • ZHENG Jianfeng ,
  • LI Fei ,
  • ZHANG Shixuan ,
  • CHEN Lei ,
  • ZHOU Chenggang
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  • 1. State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoir, CNPC, Hangzhou 310023, China;
    3. Korla Branch of Geophysical Research Institute, BGP Inc., Korla 841000, China

Received date: 2019-08-07

  Online published: 2020-05-19

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摘要

以塔里木盆地西北部阿克苏—柯坪—乌什地区寒武系玉尔吐斯组露头剖面为例,通过对露头剖面的宏、微观研究,对富有机质细粒沉积岩形成环境进行分析。研究发现：①玉尔吐斯组下部为富有机质细粒沉积岩或与硅质岩的薄韵律互层,向上变为陆源碎屑混积的颗粒滩和逆粒序的碳酸盐岩;②与暗色泥页岩韵律互层的薄层灰岩具逆粒序;③薄层状硅质岩具交代残余颗粒结构、叠层状构造和孔洞胶结组构;④混积颗粒滩变浅序列顶部具铁质结壳层,其下见溶沟、溶缝及囊状溶洞、近地表喀斯特（塑形）角砾以及岩溶系统内的角砾、陆源碎屑充填物等,这些均为暴露岩溶标志;⑤露头和地震剖面上,不整合面或暴露面之上的富有机质细粒沉积岩具典型的超覆特征。综合分析认为,寒武系玉尔吐斯组富有机质细粒沉积物形成于缺氧—次氧化的受限海湾澙湖环境,其形成可能受高的古生产力、氧交换不畅共同控制,进而建立了其浅水超覆沉积模式。结果将有助于丰富完善富有机质细粒沉积岩沉积学理论。图12参60

关键词： 细粒沉积岩; 烃源岩; 浅水超覆; 暴露面; 古岩溶; 沉积模式; 寒武系玉尔吐斯组; 塔里木盆地

本文引用格式

金值民 , 谭秀成 , 唐浩 , 沈安江 , 乔占峰 , 郑剑锋 , 李飞 , 张世轩 , 陈雷 , 周成刚 . 浅水超覆沉积富有机质细粒沉积物沉积环境与岩石学特征——以塔里木盆地西北部寒武系玉尔吐斯组为例[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2020 , 47(3) : 476 -489 . DOI: 10.11698/PED.2020.03.04

Abstract

Taking the Cambrian Yuertus Formation outcrop profiles in the Aksu-Keping-Wushi areas of northwestern Tarim Basin as examples, the depositional environments of organic rich fine sediment were analyzed by examining the outcrop profiles macroscopically and microscopically. The study reveals that: (1) The lower part of the Yuertus Formation consists of organic-rich fine sediment or thin rhythmic interbeds of organic-rich fine sediment and siliceous sediment, the formation transforms to terrigenous diamictic grain shoal and inverse grading carbonate rocks upward. (2) The thin limestone interbedded with dark shale rhythmically has inverse grading. (3) The thin-bedded siliceous rock has metasomatic residual granular texture, stromatolithic structure and cementation fabric in vugs. (4) There are iron crust layers at the top of the shallowing diamictic grain shoal, beneath which exposed karst signs, such as karrens, dissolved fissures, sack-like vugs, near surface karst (plastic) breccia, breccia inside the karst system and terrigenous clastic fillings, can be seen. (5) Both the outcrops and seismic profiles show that organic-rich fine sediments above the unconformities or exposed surfaces are characterized by overlapping. The organic-rich fine sediment of the Cambrian Yuertus Formation was deposited in the anoxic-suboxidized restricted gulf lagoon environment, and its formation was controlled by high paleoproductivity and poor oxygen exchange jointly, then a shallow-water overlapping sedimentary model has been established. The results will help enrich and improve the sedimentary theory of organic-rich fine sediments.

Key words： fine-grained sediments; source rock; shallow water overlap; exposed surface; paleokarst; sedimentary model; Cambrian Yuertus Formation; Tarim Basin

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