湖泊滨岸砂坝沉积砂泥空间配置关系及其地质意义

商晓飞; 段太忠; 侯加根; 李燕

doi:10.11698/PED.2019.05.09

石油勘探与开发 >

2019 , Vol. 46 >Issue 5: 902 - 915

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11698/PED.2019.05.09

油气勘探

湖泊滨岸砂坝沉积砂泥空间配置关系及其地质意义

商晓飞 ,
段太忠 ,
侯加根 ,
李燕

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1. 中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083;
2. 中国石油大学（北京）地球科学学院,北京 102249;
3. 中海油研究总院有限责任公司,北京 100028

商晓飞（1986-）,男,山东日照人,博士,中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院副研究员,主要从事储集层地质学、沉积学、油藏描述及三维地质建模的科研工作。地址：北京市海淀区学院路31号,中国石化石油勘探开发研究院,邮政编码：100083。E-mail：shangxf.syky@sinopec.com

收稿日期: 2018-11-02

修回日期: 2019-06-26

网络出版日期: 2019-09-17

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Spatial configuration of sand and mud in the lacustrine nearshore sand bar deposits and its geological implications

SHANG Xiaofei ,
DUAN Taizhong ,
HOU Jiagen ,
LI Yan

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1. Petroleum Exploration & Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China;
2. College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China;
3. Research institute of China National Offshore Oil Corporation, Beijing 100028, China

Received date: 2018-11-02

Revised date: 2019-06-26

Online published: 2019-09-17

Supported by

国家自然科学基金（41702359）; 国家科技重大专项（2016ZX05033003-003）

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摘要

针对湖泊滨岸砂坝储集层不同级次砂体与隔夹层交互频繁,泥质沉积成因与分布复杂等问题,开展了砂坝储集层砂泥空间配置关系的研究,对砂坝储集层内部结构进行了剖析。通过对山东省峡山湖现代砂坝沉积的解析,结合板桥凹陷古近系沙河街组二段砂坝储集层的对比,分析砂、泥在空间上的分布和组合关系,探讨砂坝沉积体的构型模式。研究表明,根据纵向上砂、泥交互沉积特征,湖泊滨岸砂坝可划分为砂泥薄互层、厚泥厚砂、薄泥厚砂3种砂泥组合样式,其泥质组分表现为多种成因类型的细粒岩相沉积,分别是半深湖—深湖泥、砂泥互层式浅滩、坝后水体滞留区域泥质沉积以及洪水注卸带来的落淤层。依据每种细粒泥质岩相在现代砂坝沉积中其特定的发育部位和时序关系,建立了基于沉积过程的泥质沉积组合模式。在此基础上,探讨砂坝储集层中的砂坝与泥质沉积的空间配置关系,并提出砂坝垂向叠置和侧向迁移两种情况下的典型地层结构。湖泊滨岸砂坝储集层中,泥质的沉积与保存程度主要受可容空间变化、基准面旋回频繁程度和暴露-冲刷时间3个因素的控制,进而影响着储集层中砂、泥岩的连续性和相对含量。泥质沉积的分布会形成不同级次的隔夹层,并影响砂坝储集层的非均质性和流体渗流。明确砂坝沉积的砂泥空间配置关系可为砂坝储集层内部构型精细表征与建模提供地质模式和信息参数,为油藏开发策略调整或优化开发方案给予指导。图10表2参34

关键词： 湖泊; 滨岸砂坝; 内部结构; 现代沉积; 空间配置关系; 构型模式; 峡山湖; 板桥凹陷

本文引用格式

商晓飞 , 段太忠 , 侯加根 , 李燕 . 湖泊滨岸砂坝沉积砂泥空间配置关系及其地质意义[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2019 , 46(5) : 902 -915 . DOI: 10.11698/PED.2019.05.09

Abstract

In view of the frequent alternation between different orders of sand bodies and inter-layers in lacustrine nearshore sand bar reservoirs, and the complex origins and distribution of muddy deposits, the spatial configuration of sand and mud in the sand bar reservoir is studied, and the internal structure of the sand bar reservoir has been dissected. Based on the anatomy of modern sand bar deposits in Xiashan Lake, Shandong Province and comparison with sand bar reservoirs of the second member of paleogene Shahejie Formation in Banqiao sag, we discuss the architecture model of sand bar sediments from the perspective of the spatial distribution and combination relation of sand and mud. The nearshore sand bars can be divided into 3 patterns of sand and mud combination according to the characteristics of sand and mud interaction in vertical direction, i. e. thin interbedded sand and mud, thick layers of sand and mud, and thick sand layer with thin mud layer. The mudstone is fine-grained lithofacies of various genetic types, including (semi-)deep lacustrine mud, mud and sand interbedded deposits in beach, mud deposit in the water retention area behind the bar, and silt-layers in sand bar sediment from flood discharge. Based on the specific developmental position and sequential relationship of each muddy fine-grained lithofacies in the modern lacustrine sand bar deposits, a process-based muddy sediment combination model was proposed. The stacking patterns of sand bars and muddy layer combination were delved, and the typical stratigraphic architectures of sand bar in the cases of vertical superposition and lateral migration have been proposed. In nearshore sand bar reservoirs, the preservation degree of muddy deposit is mainly affected by 3 factors, variation of accommodate space, frequency of base-level cycles, and exposure-erosion time, which in turn affects the continuity and relative content of sandstone and mudstone in the reservoir. The occurrence of muddy deposits would give birth to different orders of interlayer, affecting the heterogeneity of and fluid flow in reservoir. To find out the spatial configuration of sandstone and mudstone layers in sand bar deposits can provide a reliable geological model and information parameters for the nearshore sand bar reservoir internal architecture characterization and 3D geological modeling, and what’s more, it would guide adjustment or optimization of reservoir development plan.

Key words： lacustrine; nearshore sand bar; internal structure; modern deposit; space configuration; architecture model; Xiashan Lake; Banqiao sag

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