石油勘探与开发 >

2019 , Vol. 46 >Issue 5: 848 - 868

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11698/PED.2019.05.05

油气勘探

全球岩相古地理演化与油气分布（二）

  • 张光亚 ,
  • 童晓光 ,
  • 辛仁臣 ,
  • 温志新 ,
  • 马锋 ,
  • 黄彤飞 ,
  • 王兆明 ,
  • 于炳松 ,
  • 李曰俊 ,
  • 陈汉林 ,
  • 刘小兵 ,
  • 刘祚冬
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  • 1. 中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083;
    2. 中国石油国际勘探开发有限公司,北京 100034;
    3. 中国地质大学（北京）,北京 100083;
    4. 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京 100029;
    5. 浙江大学,杭州 310058
张光亚（1962-）,男,河南信阳人,中国石油勘探开发研究院教授级高级工程师,主要从事全球油气地质、资源评价、重大勘探领域评价与超前战略选区等方面的研究。地址：北京市海淀区学院路20号,中国石油勘探开发研究院非洲所,邮政编码：100083。E-mail: zgy@petrochina.com.cn

收稿日期: 2018-03-14

  修回日期: 2019-07-20

  网络出版日期: 2019-09-17

收起

Evolution of lithofacies and paleogeography and hydrocarbon distribution worldwide (Ⅱ)

  • ZHANG Guangya ,
  • TONG Xiaoguang ,
  • XIN Renchen ,
  • WEN Zhixin ,
  • MA Feng ,
  • HUANG Tongfei ,
  • WANG Zhaoming ,
  • YU Bingsong ,
  • LI Yuejun ,
  • CHEN Hanlin ,
  • LIU Xiaobing ,
  • LIU Zuodong
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  • 1. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China;
    2. China National Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Company Ltd., Beijing 100034, China;
    3. China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China;
    4. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;
    5. Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China

Received date: 2018-03-14

  Revised date: 2019-07-20

  Online published: 2019-09-17

Supported by

国家科技重大专项（2011ZX05028-003,2016ZX05029-001）; 中国石油天然气集团有限公司科技重大专项（2013E-050103）

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摘要

基于中新生代6个地质时期现今地理位置和古板块位置岩相古地理图编制及分析,重点阐述中新生界岩相、古地理特征及其发育规律。结合前寒武纪及古生代各时期岩相古地理研究成果,系统研究前寒武纪以来全球岩相、古地理特征与演化规律及其对全球烃源岩、储集层、盖层形成和油气分布的控制作用。结果表明,前寒武纪以来,全球岩相古地理演化具有隆起剥蚀区及碎屑岩沉积区逐渐增加的趋势,大陆生长时期的隆起剥蚀区及碎屑岩沉积区显著增加;滨浅海相区具有前寒武纪—泥盆纪、石炭纪—三叠纪、侏罗纪—新近纪等3个明显的旋回,与之相对应浅水碳酸盐台地发育亦呈3个旋回;湖泊相在中新生代相对发育;蒸发岩盐沼相主要发育在泥盆纪、二叠纪、三叠纪。白垩系是全球最重要的烃源岩层系,其次是侏罗系和古近系烃源岩;碎屑岩储集层储集油气比碳酸盐岩储集层多;泥页岩为盖层的油气藏数量及油气储量最多,而蒸发岩盖层封闭能力最强,可形成一些超大型油气田。图12参45

关键词： 全球; 岩相古地理; 板块构造; 构造演化; 烃源岩; 储集层; 盖层; 油气分布

本文引用格式

张光亚 , 童晓光 , 辛仁臣 , 温志新 , 马锋 , 黄彤飞 , 王兆明 , 于炳松 , 李曰俊 , 陈汉林 , 刘小兵 , 刘祚冬 . 全球岩相古地理演化与油气分布（二）[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2019 , 46(5) : 848 -868 . DOI: 10.11698/PED.2019.05.05

Abstract

Based on the compilation and analysis of the lithofacies and paleogeography distribution maps at present and paleoplate locations during six key geological periods of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, the lithofacies and paleogeography features and their development laws were expounded. Based on our previous research results on lithofacies and paleogeography from Precambrian to Paleozoic, we systematically studied the features and evolution laws of global lithofacies and paleogeography from the Precambrian and their effects on the formation of source rocks, reservoirs, cap rocks and the distribution of oil and gas worldwide. The results show that since Precambrian, the distribution areas of uplift erosion and terrestrial clastic deposition tended to increase gradually, and increased significantly during the period of continental growth. The scale of coastal and shallow marine facies area had three distinct cycles, namely, from Precambrian to Devonian, from Carboniferous to Triassic, and from Jurassic to Neogene. Correspondingly, the development of shallow carbonate platform also showed three cycles; the lacustrine facies onshore was relatively developed in Mesozoic and Cenozoic; the sabkha was mainly developed in the Devonian, Permian and Triassic. The Cretaceous is the most important source rock layers in the world, followed by the Jurassic and Paleogene source rocks; the clastic reservoirs have more oil and gas than the carbonate reservoirs; the basins with shale caprocks have the widest distribution, the most abundant reserves of oil and gas, and the evaporite caprocks have the strongest sealing capacity, which can seal some huge oil and gas fields.

Key words： global; lithofacies and paleogeography; plate tectonics; tectonic evolution; source rocks; reservoir; caprock; oil and gas distribution

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