石油勘探与开发 >

2019 , Vol. 46 >Issue 5: 803 - 810

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11698/PED.2019.05.01

油气勘探

非常规油气之“非常规”再认识

  • 焦方正
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  • 中国石油天然气集团有限公司,北京 100007
焦方正（1962-）,男,陕西三原人,博士,中国石油天然气集团有限公司教授级高级工程师,主要从事油气勘探开发科研及科技管理工作。地址：北京市东城区东直门大街9号,邮政编码：100007。E-mail: jfz@petrochina.com.cn

收稿日期: 2019-04-05

  修回日期: 2019-06-21

  网络出版日期: 2019-09-17

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Re-recognition of “unconventional” in unconventional oil and gas

  • JIAO Fangzheng
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  • China National Petroleum Corporation, Beijing 100007, China

Received date: 2019-04-05

  Revised date: 2019-06-21

  Online published: 2019-09-17

Supported by

国家科技重大专项“四川盆地及周缘页岩气富集规律与重点目标评价”（2017ZX05035）

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摘要

以四川盆地上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组页岩气为典型实例,基于其目前勘探开发实践新进展,从油气形成与聚集机理和油气层主要特征两大方面开展非常规油气之“非常规”再认识。认为源储一体、持续聚集、连续分布的源岩层内油气为非常规油气,并以页岩油气为研究重点结合常规油气对比分析,取得5个方面进展。①非常规油气源储一体、原位聚集,以“连续油气聚集”为理论依据,成藏动力为超压和扩散作用;常规油气源储异位,主要以圈闭成藏为理论基础,成藏动力以浮力和毛细管力等为主要特征。②非常规油气储集层主要形成于低能贫氧—厌氧环境,以陆架斜坡的半深水—深水陆棚相和半深湖—深湖相为主,岩性简单,富含有机质和黏土矿物;常规油气储集层岩类多样、岩性复杂,油气主要赋存于高能沉积水体环境下相对粗粒沉积岩中。③非常规油气储集层储集空间主要为纳米级孔隙,有机质孔隙是重要的储集空间;常规油气储集层孔隙主要为微米级—毫米级孔隙,不存在有机质孔隙。④非常规油气储集层中油气性质均一,含油气饱和度高,无水或低含水率,油气水界限不明显;常规油气储集层油气性质复杂多样,含油气饱和度适中、具有略高的含水率,油气水界限相对明显。⑤富有机质页岩是非常规油气主要勘探对象,沉积环境控制高有机质丰度页岩区带分布、有机质含量控制油气丰度,正向构造和高孔隙度控产量,层理（页理）与裂缝发育是控制富集高产的重要因素。非常规油气“再认识”将为非常规油气勘探开发实践提供新的理论依据。图7表6参40

关键词： 非常规油气; 理论内涵; 页岩油气; 成藏动力; 有机质; 细粒沉积; 五峰组— 龙马溪组; 四川盆地

本文引用格式

焦方正 . 非常规油气之“非常规”再认识[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2019 , 46(5) : 803 -810 . DOI: 10.11698/PED.2019.05.01

Abstract

Taking the Wufeng-Longmaxi shale gas in the Sichuan Basin as a typical example, based on the new progress in exploration and development, this study re-examines the “unconventional” of unconventional oil and gas from two aspects: oil and gas formation and accumulation mechanisms, and main features of oil and gas layers. The oil and gas of continuous accumulation and distribution from integrated source and reservoir is unconventional oil and gas, and the study focusing on shale oil and gas in comparison with conventional oil and gas has made progress in five aspects: (1) Unconventional oil and gas have source-reservoir-in-one and in-situ accumulation; according to the theory of continuous oil and gas accumulation, the accumulation power of oil and gas is overpressure and diffusion; for conventional oil and gas, the source and reservoir are different formations, the trapping accumulation is its theoretical foundation, and the accumulation power is characterized by buoyancy and capillary force. (2) The unconventional oil and gas reservoirs are mainly formed in the low-energy oxygen-anaerobic environment, dominantly semi-deep to deep shelf facies and the semi-deep to deep lake facies, simple in lithology, rich in organic matter and clay minerals; conventional oil and gas mainly occur in coarse-grained sedimentary rocks formed in high-energy waters with complex lithology. (3) The unconventional oil and gas reservoirs have mainly nano-scale pores, of which organic matter pores take a considerable proportion; conventional oil and gas reservoirs mainly have micron-millimeter pores and no organic matter pores. (4) Unconventional shale oil and gas reservoirs have oil and gas in uniform distribution, high oil and gas saturation, low or no water content, and no obvious oil and gas water boundary; conventional oil and gas reservoirs have oil and gas of complex properties, moderate oil and gas saturation, slightly higher water content, and obvious oil, gas and water boundaries. (5) Organic-rich shale is the main target of unconventional oil and gas exploration; the sedimentary environment controls high organic matter abundance zone and organic matter content controls oil and gas abundance; positive structure and high porosity control the yields of shale wells; bedding and fracture development are important factors deciding high yield.

Key words： unconventional oil and gas; theoretical connotation; shale oil and gas; hydrocarbon accumulation dynamics; organic matter; fine grain deposition; Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations; Sichuan Basin

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