页岩油地下原位转化是利用水平井电加热轻质化技术,将埋深300~3 000 m页岩中的重质油、沥青和各类有机物大规模转化为轻质油和天然气的物理化学过程,可称为“地下炼厂”,在清洁开采、总量规模与产出物品质等方面具有明显优势。以有机质生排烃机理为基础,研究认为陆相中低成熟度（Ro值小于1.0%）富有机质页岩中,滞留液态烃占总生油量最大比例约25%、未转化有机质达40%~100%。适合地下原位转化的富有机质页岩需具备以下条件：页岩集中段TOC值大于6%,且越高越好;Ro值为0.5%~1.0%;厚度大于15 m;埋深小于3 000 m、面积大于50 km2;页岩段顶底板封闭性好;地层含水率小于5%等。中国页岩油原位转化潜力巨大,技术可采资源量石油约（700~900）×108 t,天然气约（60~65）×1012 m3。页岩油地下原位转化是新时期“进源找油”勘探的重大接替领域,如能实现商业突破,对中国石油工业的长期稳定乃至跨越式发展都具有里程碑意义。图7表4参16
In-situ conversion processing (ICP) of shale oil underground at the depth ranging from 300 m to 3 000 m is a physical and chemical process caused by using horizontal drilling and electric heating technology, which converts heavy oil, bitumen and various organic matter into light oil and gas in a large scale, which can be called “underground refinery”. ICP has several advantages as in CO2 capture, recoverable resource potential and the quality of hydrocarbon output. Based on the geothermal evolution mechanism of organic materials established by Tissot et al., this study reveals that in the nonmarine organic-rich shale sequence, the amount of liquid hydrocarbon maintaining in the shale is as high as 25% in the liquid hydrocarbon window stage (Ro less than 1.0%), and the unconverted organic materials in the shale interval can reach 40% to 100%. The conditions of organic-rich shale suitable for underground in-situ conversion of shale oil should be satisfied in the following aspects, TOC higher than 6%, Ro ranging between 0.5% and 1%, concentrated thickness of organic-rich shale greater than 15 meters, burial depth less than 3 000 m, covering area bigger than 50 km2, good sealing condition in both up- and down-contacting sequences and water content smaller than 5%, etc. The shale oil resource in China’s onshore region is huge. It is estimated with this paper that the technical recoverable resource reaches 70-90 billion tons of oil and 60-65 trillion cubic meters of gas. The ICP of shale oil underground is believed to be a fairway to find big oil in the source kitchen in the near future. And it is also believed to be a milestone to keep China long-term stability of oil and gas sufficient supply by putting ICP of shale oil underground into real practice in the future.
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