针对传统油基钻井液固相含量较高、不利于提高机械钻速和保护储集层的问题,研制了一种无土相油基钻井液体系,阐述了关键处理剂的合成方法、作用机理,并进行了体系性能评价。利用二聚脂肪酸与二乙醇胺反应,制备了提切剂;利用脂肪酸的氧化和加合反应,制备了主乳化剂;对脂肪酸进行酰胺化改性,制备了辅乳化剂;将丙烯酸单体引入到苯乙烯、丙烯酸丁酯聚合反应中,合成了水性丙烯酸树脂降滤失剂。提切剂通过分子间的氢键作用增强乳液中液滴、颗粒之间的相互作用力,在乳液中形成三维网架结构,从而起到提切的作用。室内性能评价实验表明：无土相油基钻井液可抗220 ℃高温,高温高压滤失量小于5 mL;与传统油基钻井液相比,无土相油基钻井液具有较低的黏度以及较高的切力、动塑比和渗透率恢复值,有利于提高钻速、清洁井眼和保护储集层。图4表3参16
孙金声
,
黄贤斌
,
蒋官澄
,
吕开河
,
刘敬平
,
代志文
. 无土相油基钻井液关键处理剂研制及体系性能评价[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2018
, 45(4)
: 713
-718
.
DOI: 10.11698/PED.2018.04.17
Traditional oil-based drilling muds (OBMs) have a relatively high solid content, which is detrimental to penetration rate increase and reservoir protection. Aimed at solving this problem, an organoclay-free OBM system was studied, the synthesis methods and functioning mechanism of key additives were introduced, and performance evaluation of the system was performed. The rheology modifier was prepared by reacting a dimer fatty acid with diethanolamine, the primary emulsifier was made by oxidation and addition reaction of fatty acids, the secondary emulsifier was made by amidation of a fatty acid, and finally the fluid loss additive of water-soluble acrylic resin was synthesized by introducing acrylic acid into styrene/butyl acrylate polymerization. The rheology modifier could enhance the attraction between droplets, particles in the emulsion via intermolecular hydrogen bonding and improve the shear stress by forming a three-dimensional network structure in the emulsion. Lab experimental results show that the organoclay-free OBM could tolerate temperatures up to 220 ℃ and HTHP filtration is less than 5 mL. Compared with the traditional OBMs, the organoclay-free OBM has low plastic viscosity, high shear stress, high ratio of yield point to plastic viscosity and high permeability recovery, which are beneficial to penetration rate increase, hole cleaning and reservoir protection.
[1] FARROW T C, RASMUSSEN C A, MENKING W R, et al. Organoclay compositions and method of preparation: U.S. Patent 6036765[P].2000-03-14.
[2] CAENN R, DARLEY H C H, GRAY G R. Composition and properties of drilling and completion fluids[M]. Houston, TX: Gulf Professional Publishing, 2011.
[3] FARD S M.Evaluation of fine particles removal from invert emulsion drilling fluid by novel technologies.[D] Calgary: University of Calgary, 2015.
[4] 鄢捷年. 钻井液工艺学[M]. 东营: 中国石油大学出版社, 2001: 236-260.
YAN Jienian.Drilling fluid technology[M]. Dongying: China University of Petroleum Press, 2001: 236-260.
[5] 王显光, 李雄, 林永学. 页岩水平井用高性能油基钻井液研究与应用[J]. 石油钻探技术, 2013, 41(2): 17-22.
WANG Xianguang, LI Xiong, LIN Yongxue.Search and application of high performance oil base drilling fluid for shale horizontal wells[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2013, 41(2): 17-22.
[6] 蒋官澄, 贺垠博, 黄贤斌, 等. 基于超分子技术的高密度无黏土油基钻井液体系[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2016, 43(1): 131-135.
JIANG Guancheng, HE Yinbo, HUANG Xianbin, et al.A high-density organoclay-free oil base drilling fluid based on supramolecular chemistry[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2016, 43(1): 131-135.
[7] 崔明磊. 油基钻井液性能优化研究[D]. 青岛: 中国石油大学(华东), 2011.
CUI Minglei.Research on oil based drilling fluid performance optimization.[D] Qingdao: China University of Petroleum, 2011.
[8] HUANG X, JIANG G, HE Y, et al.Improvement of rheological properties of invert drilling fluids by enhancing interactions of water droplets using hydrogen bonding linker[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2016, 506: 467-475.
[9] MAGHRABI S S, WAGLE V B, KULKARNI D G. Organo-clay free invert emulsion fluids: U.S. Patent Application 15/311475[P].2017-03-23.
[10] 赵福麟. 化学原理(Ⅱ)[M]. 东营: 石油大学出版社, 1999: 185-192.
ZHAO Fulin.Principle of chemistry(Ⅱ)[M]. Dongying: China University of Petroleum Press, 1999: 185-192.
[11] MEZGER T G.The rheology handbook for users of rotational and oscillatory rheometers[M]. Hannover: Vincentz Network GmbH & Co. KG, 2006.
[12] 赵振国. 界面膜原理与应用[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2013.
ZHAO Zhenguo.Principle and application of boundary mask[M]. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press, 2013.
[13] 覃勇, 蒋官澄, 邓正强, 等. 抗高温油基钻井液主乳化剂的合成与评价[J]. 钻井液与完井液, 2016, 33(1): 6-10.
QIN Yong, JIANG Guancheng, DENG Zhengqiang, et al.Synthesis and evaluation of a primary emulsifier for high temperature oil base drilling fluid[J]. Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid, 2016, 33(1): 6-10.
[14] 李哲. 抗高温油基钻井液体系的研制[D]. 青岛: 中国石油大学(华东), 2011.
LI Zhe.Research on oil based drilling fluid with high temperature resistance.[D] Qingdao: China University of Petroleum, 2011.
[15] 黄贤斌, 蒋官澄, 邓正强. 水性丙烯酸树脂在油包水钻井液中的作用[J]. 钻井液与完井液, 2017, 34(2): 26-32.
HUANG Xianbin, JIANG Guancheng, DENG Zhengqiang.Application of aqueous acrylic resin in invert emulsion drilling fluids[J]. Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid, 2017, 34(2): 26-32.
[16] 郑卫琴, 沈艳, 陆文达. 核磁共振法测定高纯大豆卵磷脂HLB值[J]. 粮食与油脂, 2007, 135(7): 39-41.
ZHENG Weiqin, SHEN Yan, LU Wenda.Determination of high purity soybean lecithin HLB by NMR[J]. Grain and Oil, 2007, 135(7): 39-41.
