基于火烧辅助重力泄油（CAGD）技术的机理、技术优势和缺陷,研究CAGD矿场调控的目标、策略和方法。CAGD技术充分利用重力作用,让燃烧前缘高温可动油就近流入水平生产井中,使火烧油层开发超稠油油藏成为可能,但在矿场应用过程中易于发生燃烧带前缘单向锥进和火窜。通过室内三维物理模拟实验,并借鉴以往矿场试验的经验,指出平缓上倾的燃烧界面有利于实现连续稳定重力泄油,矿场实践中应以该形状为调控目标;经油藏工程及物质平衡计算,给出了CAGD矿场实践过程中能实现的最大产量和对应的注气速度,对于新疆风城超稠油油藏,CAGD最大目标产量为12.9 m3/d,对应的注气速度为14 048 m3/d。为实现上述调控目标,CAGD生产过程中应保证起火位置在油层中上部,点火初期保持低速注气并缓慢提速,同时控制烟道气产出速度为注气速度90%左右。研究成果应用于新疆风城CAGD先导试验中,取得了较好的开采效果,截至2016年底FH005井组已实现稳定重力泄油400 d,燃烧腔体发育形状、水平井单井产量、空气油比以及原油改质等指标均符合方案预期。图10表1参18
The targets, strategies and approaches of the field controlling processes of combustion assisted gravity drainage (CAGD) are discussed based on the research of its mechanisms, advantages and defects. By taking fully advantage of gravity, CAGD process can produce the mobilized oil near the combustion front through the underlying horizontal well, serving as a possible solution for extra-heavy oil production in the Xinjiang oil field. However, unidirectional conning and breakthrough of combustion front are risky to happen during the field application of CAGD. Based on laboratory three-dimensional physical simulation experiments and the experience of former pilots, it is proposed that a gently upward sloping combustion front is beneficial for the steady drainage of mobilized oil and should be the target of CAGD control. Key production parameters like the maximum production rate and corresponding air injection rate during field application. are calculated with reservoir engineering approach and material balance theory. The maximum oil production rate of the CAGD pilot in Block Fengcheng, Xinjiang oil field, is 12.9 m3/d, and the air injection rate is 14 048 m3/d. To maximize the oil productivity and sustain combustion front moving forward steadily, the ignition position should be located at the mid-upper parts of the formation; the air injection rate at the early stage should keep slow and increase gradually; meanwhile, the production rate of flue gas should be 90% of the air injection rate. A pilot of CAGD was initiated in the Xinjiang Fengcheng Field on the basis of those research outcomes. By the end of 2016, Well Group FH005 in the pilot has succeeded in steady production for more than 400 days. Key aspects, involving the shape of combustion chamber, oil production of single horizontal producer, air oil ratio and the degree of oil upgrading are in accordance with what the development plan predicted.
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