, Volume 29 Issue 6
    

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    石油地质研究
  • Maturity evaluation for hydrocarbon source rock in Shiwanshan basin
    LIU Changwei; WANG Feiyu; WANG Zhonghui and LIANG Digang
    , 2002, 29(6): 249-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Shiwanshan basin is very less explored that only 3 test wells have been drilled, and only Well Wancan-1 can be exploited. There have been two completely different viewpoints on maturity evolution stage of the main source rocks (P2, T1) in Shiwanshan basin. One point, put forward by Nanning Institute, is that maturity of the source rock (P2) and (T1) is in the stage of condensate-wet gas evolution and the peak hydrocarbon generation to-condensate-wet gas evolution, respectively; but the other one, held by ELF Company of France, is that maturity of all source rocks of Shiwanshan basin is at over-maturity evolution stage. In order to assess maturity evolution stage of several hydrocarbon source rocks of the Shiwanshan basin correctly, and to avoid being affected by Oxidation, we tried to get 47 samples (27 from shallower wells and 20 from the Earth surface) subordinate to 8 groups of source rocks and measured reflectance of vitrinite (or bitumen). This paper draws a conclusion that the vitrinite reflectance of source rocks from Devonian, Carboniferous and most of Permian systems is larger than 2.0%, which means that the three source rocks mentioned above are all at over-maturity evolution stage. Only the maturity of a few source rock samples (P2) is at the higher stage of condensate-wet gas. Maturity of source rock (T1) is in the high stage of peak hydrocarbon generation up to the stage of condensate to wet gas evolution.
  • Lithofacies paleogeography and petroleum geology of the Silurian in Yangtze area
    WEN Ling; HU Shuyi and TIAN Haiqin
    , 2002, 29(6): 250-0.
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    Silurian in Yangtze area is mainly composed of carbonate rocks and littoral clastic rocks. The shale rocks of Longmaxi Formation in Lower Silurian, with wide distribution and bigger thickness, are the major source rock; some of them are still in the evolution times of mature or post-mature. The reservoirs are mainly littoral clastic rocks of Middle and Upper Silurian, which could form commercial reservoirs under favorable reservoir-forming conditions. Through studying the tectonic and lithofacies palaeogeography of Silurian in Yangtze area, the authors hold that the petroleum geologic conditions of Silurian in Yangtze area are more favorable, and the northern Yangtze area along the Yangtze River could be the most favorable exploration area.
  • A study on the development pattern of complicated glutenite fan bodies in Lijin fault belt
    WU Fadong; XIE Fengmeng; LI Xiangjun and CHEN Jianyu
    , 2002, 29(6): 251-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    On the basis of depositional system analysis and the theory of cyclic stratigraphy, glutenitefan bodies of Es4 and Es3 of Lijin fault belt in Jiyang depression were subdivided and correlated, and using the technology of three-dimensional seismic horizontal slices, the development patterns of the glutenite bodies were studied and potentially well-developed glutenite fan bodies were predicted. The results of studies indicated that glutenite fan bodies were mainly developed at the end of slow setting and the initial stage of fast setting in faulted period. Development degree of fan bodies is closely related to the active intensity of growth-fault movement. Main oil-beaering zone is braided channel of fan-delta plain and favorable oil-bearing position is at crossing point of braided channel and fan-delta front. The fan bodies drilled by wells L371, L372 and L561 are basiclly individual fan bodies grown at the same period; and fan bodies drilled by wells L54, L85 and L371 are composite fan bodies grown continuously in different periods.
  • The low sinuous river delta system of Cenozoic system in Kuqa depression of Tarim basin
    KUANG Hongwei; GAO Zhenzhong; PENG Detang; LIU Xuefeng and HE Youbin
    , 2002, 29(6): 252-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    A new sedimentary system—the low sinuous river delta system was identified by observing many outcrops and rock cores, laboratory investigation and analyzing some logging and drilling data in Cenozoic in Kuqa depression, Tarim basin. This delta formed by the low sinuous river flowing into the shallow lake is very different from braided delta, normal delta and fan delta due to its coarser sandstone, the lower sand content and absence of turbidities. The deposits of the low sinuous channel and the subaqueous channel are the main bodies for this type of delta and mainly consist of blocked, non-equal grain size and pebbly sandstones and sandstones. A single sequence is of 1to 4m thick, partly less than 1m, but locally up to 6m, and is made up of many fining-upward rhythms which vary from 0.1 to 0.8m thick and consist of 3 to 4 differential grain-sizes rocks, such as pebbly sandstones, coarse sandstones and mid-to fine sandstones upward. Big trough cross-stratifications and mid-planar cross-stratifications are developed on the base of the sandstone-beddings. The lateral accretion cross-beddings are also observed in the sequences. Sandstones with well-developed primary pores and good permeability are excellent reservoirs.
  • Negative structure inversion of the west-dipping faults in the eastern Jizhong depression
    YANG Minghui; LIU Chiyang and YANG Binyi
    , 2002, 29(6): 253-0.
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    The west-dipping fault of the eastern Jizhong depression created negative structure inversion in the initial periods of early Tertiary. By means of the null point, growth index analysis and displacement-distance plot, the authors discussed the process of negative structure inversion. The results of discussion show that the main inversion period of the fault occurred in early Tertiary and the structure inversion ended in the middle and late periods of early Tertiary. The negative inversion structure is of importance for the formation of buried-hill reservoirs.
  • Relation between petroleum accumulation and genetic mechanism of Zhangdong fault in Huanghua depression
    WANG Guangqi; LI Sanzhong; ZHOU Lihong; YUE Yunfu; GAO Zhengping and SHAN Yehua
    , 2002, 29(6): 254-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    The Zhangdong fault, located in the east of Huanghua depression, is NWW-striking, zigzag shape in the plane and steeply-dipping at the top and the bottom as well as slightly-dipping at the medium of the fault in the profile. The throw of Zhangdong fault appears segmentation, and its horizontal displacement decreases from the earlier to the later. Geometrical shape of the fault likes chair-shaped. Its slight-dipping part is concordant to the strata of Dongying Formation especially to the second member consisting of mudstone. The shape of the fault is controlled not only by this factor but also by competent basement or buried hill. Third-order faults near the Zhangdong fault belong to the cover faults with NEE-striking and decouple with the basement structure, this reflects they are controlled by regional NNW-SSE extension. The angles between the earlier NE-striking Zhangbei fault or NWW-striking Zhangdong fault and minimum stress direction are more than 50°, so both faults are extensional normal faults. According to the feature and historical activities, the Zhangdong fault is divided into two segments and the structural feature of the west segment is not of benefit to oil-gas migration not like that of the east segment, especially the central of the west segment is perhaps a barrier of oil-gas migration.
    • 综合勘探开发技术
  • The prediction of final proved reserves in complex fault block oil fields
    WANG Zhonghe
    , 2002, 29(6): 255-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    For the complex fault block oil fields, the prediction of final proved reserves is a big problem in petroleum progressive development. This article taking JS oil field as an example summed up the features of reserve change and reserve increase of complex fault block oil fields, put forward the connotation of the final proved reserves and reached a conclusion that final proved reserves equal to the sum of the proved reserves, that part of the possible reserves, which can become proved ones, and that part of probable reserves, which maybe proved ones. A technique for predicting final proven reserves in complex fault block oilfields has been developed, which takes the trap, experience extrapolation and oilfields scale array as the dominant prediction methods. The method has been used for predicting the final proved reserves of ZW oil field.
  • Precision predicting reservoirs on the stages of progressive of exploration and development
    WANG Xiwen; LIU Quanxin; SU Mingjun; ZHAO Shihua; ZHOU Jiaxi and WANG Juan
    , 2002, 29(6): 256-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Based on the researches in a long episode and the problems faced by the stages of progressive of exploration and development in oil fields, an idea about precision predicting reservoirs has been presented here. The relative technologies could be list as precision interpreting technique of structure; modeling of depositional micro-facies by using logging; technique of log correcting and standardization processing; oil reservoir-logging response research; high precision inversion of oil reservoir; modeling of reservoir; calculation of reserves and locating design of wells. The whole research is not only an administrative program but also the progressive study as a completed one. The method will be able to keep the research and study deeply on the reservoirs and improve the precision of oil and gas reservoirs, in which the vertically resolution capability can up to 4-5m. The application in the Zhouqingzhuang oil field, Dagang petroleum province has got an excellent and successful result.
  • Multi-survey joint processing of 3-D seismic data: techniques and applications
    ZHANG Ying; YUE Jin; YAN Shixin and ZENG Zhong
    , 2002, 29(6): 257-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Multi-survey joint processing techniques of 3-D seismic data are widely applied as a particular suite of effective seismic techniques in China. As a result, a lot of remarkable results are achieved in recent years. This paper describes 5 key techniques involved in the joint processing and summarizes 4 kinds of geological applications.
  • A seismic interpretation technique for directly predicting oil-gas distribution
    CHEN Yuming; LI Jing; TANG Xiangrong and ZHANG Haiyan
    , 2002, 29(6): 258-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    This paper brings forward a new technology, which can directly forecast oil-gas field. Firstly, seismic attribute parameters were picked up, exceptional data in it were eliminated by smoothness process, relativity between parameters were got rid of and primary characters were remained by K-L transform; secondly, known oil-gas information and seismic attribute parameters of well were used to forecast oil-gas distribution; and finally, oil-gas forecast result was shown by section. Forecast in Songliao basin indicates that this technology's success ratio is about 90%, and it has good application result.
  • Fluorographic geochemical analysis and its application
    YANG Jie and CHEN Lihua
    , 2002, 29(6): 259-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    In group compositions of crude oil and hydrocarbon extracts, the composition, which is mainly composed of aromatic hydrocarbon, can give fluorescent light under ultraviolet light. Researchers can quickly and exactly get fluorescence spectrum curves and the peak value of analytical samples by fluorescence analyzer, can decide crude properties according to the fluorescence peak values and differernces of crude property indexes, and also can make oil-oil correlation and oil-rock correlation by combination of fluorescence spectrum curves and the peak value with crude property indexes. Fluorographic geochemical analysis is a simple, quick and exact analytical method.
    • 油田开发与油藏工程
  • Oil-water displacement experiment of reservoir fluid flow unit
    WEI Bin; ZHANG Yousheng; YANG Guikai and XU Lei
    , 2002, 29(6): 260-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    In order to evaluate flooded zones and to study remaining oil saturation and its distribution, it is important to know logging response properties of reservoir in the period of high water cut. The fluid displacement experiment is carried out with the core samples selected from a sealed coring well of high water cut. The relationship among resistivity, holdup rate, relative permeability and water (oil) saturation in different flow units and their variation law are studied, and some new knowledge is obtained. The experiment result shows that in the same flow unit, the relationship and the variation law are alike; but in the different flow unit, the condition is contrary. This means that there are varied flooded and saturation properties among different flow units, and that reservoir flow units can be used either to divide a reservoir into units of different flooded levels, or to calculate remaining oil saturation by flow units. The using of flow unit offers a new method to the study of remaining oil distribution properties.
  • Applying cluster horizontal wells to the development of complicated fault-block reservoirs
    LI Shunming; SUN Gou and LIU Zhihong
    , 2002, 29(6): 261-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    The complicated Yong 8 fault block reservoir in Shengli oil field, with many faults, multiple oil-bearing formations, high reserve abundance and high oil viscosity, is easy to produce sand. Production rates of vertical wells are low. The production rate of horizontal well is high with small producing pressure drop, for its oil drainage area is larger than that of the vertical well. On the basis of the optimization of the plane location in fault block, the vertical position in oil-bearing formation and the horizontal interval length for the horizontal well, cluster horizontal wells are designed for Yong 8 fault block. In the early stage of production, the average production rate of the horizontal well is twice than that of the vertical well. The fault block is developed much efficiently.
    • 油田非注水开发
  • The impact of dynamic process on the gelation mechanism of a HPAM-phenol-aldehyde system
    ZHU Huaijiang; LIU Yuzhang; FAN Zhonghai; KONG Bailing and DING Rui
    , 2002, 29(6): 262-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    The shift rate and locating ability of polymer and crosslinker in gelant can be disturbed with the flow of the gelant, which leads to decrease the gelation rate, reduce the crosslinking degree, or even not form the gel. The net or stereo structures of the weak gel could be broken with the shear stress and tensile force in the dynamic process, which results in dispergation. Parts of crosslinking particles produced in dispergation could reach suitable positions by means of Brown Movement to gelate again if the flow rate decreases or static state is reached after dispergation. The gelation makes the polymer crosslinking systems more stable through comparing the critical flow rates and the critical effective times of the gelants and the weak gels with the same components.
  • Application of microbial enhanced oil recovery in Jilin oil field
    LI Xianchun; QI Yanli; ZHANG Lei and ZHANG Hua
    , 2002, 29(6): 263-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    The research and application of MEOR technique in Jilin oil field were introduced in this paper, including micro-organism filter, types, property evolution, indoor research method, micro-organism enlarging, fermenting and injecting techniques. The pilot test result of MEOR was evaluated and the reproduction, breeding and migration of micro-organism in strata, and the MEOR's mechanism were discussed.
    • 油层保护与改造
  • Pore-fractured tight reservoir protection in Qingxi oil field
    XIE Quanmin; WANG Zehai; LI Feng and MA Caiqin
    , 2002, 29(6): 264-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Qingxi oil field is a fractured reservoir of Lower Cretaceous, with oil generation and accumulation in the same formation,strong heterogeneity and deeply buried(4100-4700m). Its reservoir bed is Xiagou Formation in the Lower Cretaceous, which is mainly composed of tight argillaceous dolomite, dolomitic mudstone and glutenite etc. Reservoir spaces are fractures, denudation pores and caverns, the reservoir being easily damaged during drilling, cementing, completion, testing and production. The sensitivity evaluation and reservoir protection of Xiagou Formation reservoir are practical significance for improving exploration and development efficiency. Sensitivity of Xiagou Formation reservoir is systematically evaluated through analysis of lab results and mechanism. In the light of damage to reservoir of Qingxi oil field, the authors of this paper put forward some measures of reservoir protection during drilling, completion, testing, production and offered some reference basis for reservoir protection of Qingxi oil field.
    • 石油地质研究
  • Research on formation stages of hydrocarbon reservoirs in Qiaokou area of Dongpu sag
    REN Zhanli; CUI Junping; FENG Jianhui; REN Laiyi and LIU Li
    , 2002, 29(6): 362-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    On the basis of applying K-Ar dating of illite, saturation pressure and homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusion, formation stages of hydrocarbon reservoirs in Qiaokou area are studied. The result shows that there are three main formation stages of hydrocarbon reservoirs in Qiaokou area. The first stage is about 30.4-18.4Ma, which is corresponding to sedimentary period of Dongying Formation-Lower Guantao Formation, which is the main formation time of hydrocarbon reservoirs . In the second stage, the great majority of formation ages of hydrocarbon reservoirs distributes in the denudation period from 27Ma to17Ma. The pressure decrease in the denudation period is helpful to formation of hydrocarbon reservoirs. In the third stage, formation time of gas reservoirs is from 2Ma to now, corresponding to Quaternary to now. On one hand, the gas reservoirs formed in the first stage is adjusted; on the other hand, it is second formation process of natural gas reservoirs. Formation time of hydrocarbon reservoirs is different in different tectonic units of Qiaokou structure. In general, characteristics of the formation time is as follows: the newer of layer, the later of formation time; the older of layer, the earlier of the formation time.
  • Factors affecting the clay mineral components and distributions of continental clastic reservoir in China
    WANG Shaoyi; WANG Xingxin and HAN Shouhua
    , 2002, 29(6): 363-0.
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    Clay minerals in clastic reservoirs are the resultant of water-rock reactions during diagenesis and they are closely related with the mineral components and water medium conditions of reservoir rocks. The depositional characteristics of continental clastic rocks determine the rich amount, diversity assemblages and rapid changes of clay minerals in terrestrial clastic reservoir in China. Rich feldspar, debris and other active chemical components in clastic reservoirs are the material basis for the abundant clay minerals in it. There was always an abundance of these active components in reservoir rock in the process of diagenesis, and the temperature of strata and features of pore medium mainly determine the diagenetic characteristics of reservoir. Therefore, the components and distributions of clay minerals in terrestrial reservoir are mainly controlled on diagenesis and the water conditions of different sedimentary facies. The primary factors causing the variety conditions of pore water medium in reservoir are the great spatio-temporal changes of the water medium property in the process of deposition in continental basins and the interlayer or intralayer inhomogeneity of reservoir. They are also the direct reasons leading to the rapid changes of clay mineral components and distributions in reservoir. The geotectonic background and tectonic development in a basin can determine the depositional framework and evolutional feature of the basin. They are also the most important factors affecting the clay mineral components and distributions of reservoir in the basin. Different tectonic lithofacies and paleogeographycyclothems had different effects on clay minerals in reservoirs. In those oil basins with multi-period tectonic cyclothems, characteristics of the clay mineral components and distributions of reservoir may indicate the features of different tectonic moments. In different phases within the same tectonic cyclothem, there do exist differences on the clay mineral distribution in reservoirs.
  • A new plan for dividing source-reservoir-cap rock assemblage and its exploration meanings
    GAO Chunwen and LUO Qun
    , 2002, 29(6): 366-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Traditional plans for dividing source-reservoir-cap rock assemblage only emphasizes controlling roles of transport-layer to hydrocarbon, so they have very serious limitation and can't satisfy oil-gas exploration needs in Chinese hydrocarbon basin because of complex geologic condition of too many faults and unconformities. The new plan emphasizes the important position of faults and unconformity to dividing source-reservoir-cap rock, makes up and perfects traditional plans for dividing source-reservoir-cap rock assemblage, enlarges finding hydrocarbon accumulation chances, so the new plan has important and realistic guide meanings to making clear exploration trends and predicting favorable exploration targets.
  • The geochemical features of volcanic rocks and architectonic environment in Neopaleozoic era, Santanghu basin
    YUAN Mingsheng; ZHANG Yinghong; HAN Baofu and WANG Darui
    , 2002, 29(6): 367-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    There were several magmacyclothems in Neopaleozoic era, Santanghu basin. The quota curve in gross quantity of rare earth element, which was normalized by meteorite, had a very weak Eu abnormal ,and a high peak in emerged on the right. There were similar features in different curves of transition metal element, which calibrated by pelmeteorite, namely, Cr and Ni, had obvious negative abnormal, as well as there was progressive depleted from Ti to Ni. On the other hand, the characters of incompatible elements showed that the magma series were polluted partly. These features included the high positive abnormal of Ba and Pb, the negative abnormal of Rb, Nb and P. According to these evidences，it was suggested that these volcanic samples belong to same magma series. Further, the geochemical features of volcanic rocks were compared between the samples in Santanghu basin and the classical basalts from different architectonic environment. The result supported that the magmatisms occurred inside of plate, and had no obvious correlation to the volcanic from mid-ocean ridge or island arc.
  • Paleo-structural environment study by paleomagnetic data in Qaidam basin
    YU Huilong; DENG Hongwen and HU Yong
    , 2002, 29(6): 370-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    This paper deals with the background and charcter of paleo-structral stress of Qaidam basin by using paleomagnetism of Qaidam and its edging block. Many important questions, such as basin type, sedimentary migration, cause of the formation of the structure along near SN and NWW trend and the history of Aerjin fracture, are interpreted and certified. The movement of Aerjin fracture was from sinistral strike-slip during Mesozoic to dextral strike-slip during Paleogene and then to sinistral strike-slip during Neogene. By relation research between Qaidam and its edging block, the researcher presents that Qaidam basin was compressive downwarping basin under different stress environments in Mesozoic and Cenozoic and near SN structural zone formed earlier than NWW structural zone.
    • 综合勘探开发技术
  • A broom-type model for predicting incremental proved reserves
    GAO Lei; GUO Yuanling; ZONG Guohong; ZHAO Leqiang; SHI Hongxia and ZHANG Yan
    , 2002, 29(6): 371-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    The prediction of incremental proved reserves is important for decision-making in petroleum exploration. Based on the analysis of traditional methods, the broom-type model for predicting incremental proved reserves has been created, which a new prediction method successfully melt all kinds of influence factors, such as basin resources, proven degree, and exploration input, etc, into one mathemathical equation. By using the broom-type model, the accurate middle-short term prediction of reservoir number and proven reserves becomes true.
  • The calculation and planar presentation of 3-D geological model of reservoir
    WANG Yuelian and SONG Xinmin
    , 2002, 29(6): 374-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    3-D geological model of reservoir can be used to predict reservoir properties in inter-well regions as well as to characterize the known ones in the sites of well. According to the architecture of 3-D grid in the reservoir model, a method to calculate the accumulative and average values in a column of the 3-D grid is proposed. One purpose is to extract the thickness of a formation, each lithotype, and the percentage of a lithotype in its respective formation for the preparation of the sedimentary analysis of the reservoir distribution. The other's purpose is to get a planar overview of the storage capabilities of reservoir, including porosity, permeability and oil saturation, which can be used more directly for the planning of the development strategy of any oil field. These maps really are the supplements to the advanced 3-D visualization technique in reservoir characterization.
  • Inverting gravity data to predicting the distribution of sandbodies
    LI Min and YU Huaqi
    , 2002, 29(6): 375-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    In Ordos basin, the distribution of Mesozoic shallow pools is largely controlled by the sand bodies owing to the complex condition of basin surface, which cause great difficulty to seismic work. Studying the distribution and direction of the Triassic delta sandbodies in Anbian-Zhidan area by seperating the gravity fields and inverting the interfaces shows that for a long time development of Triassic sand, huge delta sand was deposited, differential compaction happened late. The inversion map of gravity interface shows that there is a low uplift in east-north extention. Overlaying the distribution of drilling controlled sand with inversion map, one can see there are some instructions for seeking a favorable sand reservoir and determining the direction of exploration.
  • Secondary prospecting and some understandings to Zhangdian oil field,Nanyang sag
    CHEN Wenxue; ZHU Shuian; QIN Bingcao; LUO Jiaqun; ZHANG Yonghua and CHEN Kang
    , 2002, 29(6): 380-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Exploration of Zhangdian oil field in Nanyang sag has gone through preliminary prospecting, detailed prospecting and secondary prospecting in the past 30 years. The oil in place firstly decreased from 12.65 million tons estimated at preliminary stage to 1.26 million tons established through detailed prospecting, but now it is expected to increase finally to 10 million tons through secondary prospecting. The causes of ups and downs of oil in place mainly are that 2-D survey grid was sparse and the traps were not accurately positioned at the early stage of exploration as well as that the number of exploratory wells was small and the understandings to reservoir features were poor. Oil in place increased by a big margin with several new discoveries through extensive application of new techniques of 3-D survey, logging and drilling and integrated geologic study by using new theories and new methods at secondary prospecting stage.
  • Restoring damaged old wells by using delayed cementing technique of 101.6mm casing
    SONG Ming
    , 2002, 29(6): 381-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    The amount of wells with casing failure in Zhongyuan oil field is one fourth that of production wells, which has seriously affected stable yields and the development of the field. Hence it has a bearing on a permanent profit of the field to develop well-prevention technique, to reduce pace of casing failure and to prolong service life of oil and water wells. In this paper, a delayed 101.6mm casing cementing technique, in which 101.6mm casing is used in wells with casing failure, has been presented in detail, including operation technology, principle of well selection, casing design and delayed slurry system. Also the effect of this technique used in 36 wells since 1997 has been analyzed in this paper.
    • 油田开发与油藏工程
  • Integrated study on enhancing gas recovery factor of Huagou gas field
    FENG Yanzhuang; MAO Zhenqiang and SHENG Ruyan
    , 2002, 29(6): 388-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Through integrated study of gas reservoir engineering, producing state of resources in Huagou gas field are clearly known, and production characteristics, factors influencing recovery factor and distribution features of remaining gas are analyzed. Finally, ways of following treatments are presented. The major aspects of enhancing gas recovery factor include:(1) adopting diverse technical measures aimed at different gas reservoir type; (2) using unsymmetrical well pattern and array gas well according to gas bearing bodies, and maintain stable production through going new gas bearing bodies upward and drilling infill wells; (3) gas wells produce according to reasonable production system selected strictly, and initial sand control be carried out for well being sanding; (4) paying much attention to gas reservoir protection in all production round; and(5) adopting some producing techniques such as chemical drainage and recovering gas by pressure boosting. The conclusions can provide theoretical foundation for improving production performance of gas field, and they may play a good role in guiding production, as well as can provide experiences for the similar type reservoir.
  • Geological design optimization of horizontal well
    WANG Zhenbiao
    , 2002, 29(6): 389-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    With the development of horizontal well drilling techniques, horizontal wells are widely used in the development of oil and gas field and have been paid more attention by the world oil industry. The number of horizontal wells is increased every year. However, some wells are not producing as well as people expected, such as productivity is low, water is breakthrough in a short period of time, and water cut increases quickly, oil production is dropped rapidly, so the production effect of the horizontal wells are reduced. This paper has analyzed the advantage and shortage of horizontal wells in the development of oil and gas field, and pointed out that the optimization of horizontal well geological design is the key point and basis for successfully developing oil and gas field and preventing early water breakthrough, and systematically summarized five aspects of optimization geological design which include:①horizontal section length optimization; ②orientation optimization of the horizontal section; ③location optimization of the A and B points; ④vertical location optimization of the horizontal section; and ⑤dynamic analysis of the static data. Besides, following up and adjustment of the horizontal well drilling at the well site are key points to ensure the success of the horizontal well. This paper has offered a reference for increasing the success ratio and development effect of horizontal wells.
    • 油田非注水开发
  • Present study situation and development prospects of microbiological recovery technology in China
    WANG Weidong
    , 2002, 29(6): 400-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    The great majority of oil fields in eastern part of China have entered into their high water-cut stage， for them it is extremely urgent to the research and application of enhanced oil recovery technology. The researchers launched a large-scale study and field experiment on microbiological recovery technology, it has been confirmed that microbiological recovery technology is suitable for some oil fields, but there are still many problems in technology. The authors of this paper describe the characteristics and present studying situation in microbiological recovery technology at home, and point out the problems in the study and development prospect of this technology.
  • Screening of four degrading oil bacteria and their some characteristics
    LI Qingxin; KANG Congbao; WANG Hao and ZHANG Changkai
    , 2002, 29(6): 401-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Four bacteria that could use crude oil as the carbon source were screened and identified as Pseudomonas sp. It was demonstrated that these bacteria could decrease the oil viscosity of the crude oil. The four bacteria could use the hydrocarbon with long chain as carbon source and could resist high temperature, pressure and high concentration of NaCl. M-3 could produce acid and biosurfactant when it used oil as carbon source, which could reduce the water surfacial tension (SFT) from 72mN/m to 36mN/m, pH from about 7.0 to 5.5. It was also demonstrated that M-3 could enhance the oil recovery in the model reservoir by 8.8% after 48h shut-in periods. So the M-3 has great potential in microbial enhanced oil recovery.
    • 油层保护与改造
  • Development and application of a new type of sand prevention and water plugging agent
    WANG Renfang; LI Kehua; ZHAO Xiutai; ZHENG Yancheng; GUO Xionghua and TANG Zhiqiang
    , 2002, 29(6): 424-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Sand prevention and water plugging are two major measures for maintaining the plateau oil production of an oil field. Some oil wells need to plug water further after the sand prevention measure was done, which leads to increasing the cost of oil production. Therefore a new type of sand prevention and water plugging agent was studied in this paper. The new agent can prevent sand effectively, but also plug water with high selectivity. An integration of sand prevention with water plugging can be realized, which greatly increase the economic benefit of oilfield development. The formulation of sand prevention and water plugging agent was obtained from orthogonal test. The sand prevention and water plugging properties of the new agent were evaluated in laboratory and a satisfactory result was gained from field tests.
  • The technique of plug removal by combination of chlorine dioxide and acid solution and its application results
    JIANG Xueming; LIU Mingli; ZHANG Xuechang; WANG Zhimin and ZHU Kangling
    , 2002, 29(6): 425-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    The technique of plug removal by combination of chlorine dioxide and acid solution can be used to remove the formation damage caused by iron sulfide, bacterial colonies, high polymer and inorganic salt scale. In No.6 Production Company of Zhongyuan Oil Field, this technique was applied to the damage removal of 6 injection wells, obviously resulting in water injection and oil production increase by pressure decreasing. Consequently, on an average, single-well injection pressure dropped by 10MPa; daily single-well water injection increased by 40m3; daily single-well oil production of corresponding oil wells increased by 6.8t, respectively; and the relevant economic benefit equals to RMB 10.639MM Yuan。
    • 石油地质研究
  • The chemical kinetic study of the oil preservation threshold
    LU Shuangfang; XUE Haitao and ZHONG Ningning
    , 2002, 29(6): 440-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    By the use of the chemical kinetic models of organic matter cracking to oil and oil to gas published both at home and abroad, the net oil profile is calculated in geological situations for different types of organic matters, and the burial depth threshold is evaluated. Combined with the vitrinite reflectance (Ro)-depth relationship calculated by the chemical kinetic model of vitrinite evolution, the theoretical maturity thresholds (Ro) for oil preservation under different geothermal gradient conditions are estimated.
  • The geochemical features of natural gas in Kuqa depression and the discussion on the gas source
    ZHAO Mengjun; LU Shuangfang and LI Jian
    , 2002, 29(6): 441-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    The natural gas found in Kuqa depression is mostly composed of hydrocarbons. Dry gas was mainly distributed in Kelasu structural belt, wet gas mainly in Yiqikelike structural belt and condensate gas mainly in frontal uplift area. The values of δ13C2,δ13C3 and　δ13C4 are on the heavy side, for example, the values of δ13C2 are generally around -23‰, which indicates typical humic source rock-derived gas. According to component and carbon isotope of the natural gas, the natural gas in Kuqa depression could be classified into 2 groups: humic wet gas and humic dry gas. By overall approach, the gas in Kuqa depression is mainly derived from the source rocks of Triassic and Jurassic, and the Jurassic source rock is more than Triassic source rock in the contribution to gas accumulation.
    • 石油史研究
  • Cherishing the memory of Academician WENG Wen-bo and developing his cause of Forecasting Science
    TIAN Zaiyi; XU Wang; ZHANG Chuangan and ZHANG Qing
    , 2002, 29(6): 477-0.
    Abstract ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Academician WENG Wen-bo passed away eight years ago; the authors of this paper dearly cherish the memory of his spirit of bringing forth new ideas and significant contributions to the Forecasting Theory. It had been over 20 years since Academician WENG pioneered the Forecasting Theory. For over 20 years, the Forecasting Theory has been applied to the forecast of natural disaster, society economic benefit, oil production capacity and reserves and so on, and achieved the notable forecast results. However, it was at crucial moment that Academician WENG was further developing his theory from his Forecasting Theory into Forecast Operational Research and Evaluation Research, he, unfortunately, departed from the world forever in November 1994 and left his unfinished research to later generations. The authors of this paper wished that the Forecasting Theory pioneered by Academician WENG could be continuously developed.
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