, Volume 30 Issue 1
    

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    石油地质研究
  • Meshwork-carpet type oil and gas pool-forming system —Taking Neogene of Jiyang depression as an example
    ZHANG Shanwen; WANG Yongshi; SHI Dishi and XU Huaimin
    , 2003, 30(1): 265-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    According to oil and gas pool-forming characters in Neogene of the Jiyang depression, the definition of meshwork-carpet type oil and gas pool-forming system is put forward. This is of three-layered structure: the lower section is meshwork layer of oil source passage, the middle is storage layer and the upper is meshwork layer of oil and gas accumulation. This kind of petrographic structure is determined by its capacity changing from small to large in the course of fluvial sequence development. In the north of Jiyang depression, the meshwork layer of oil source passage is made of Paleogene and faulted meshwork. The fault of oil source cutting in source rock has a function of a unilateral valve causing oil and gas migrating upward, which provides oil and gas of the other sources for Neogene. Storage layer is glutenite of LST fluvial facies in the lower section of the Guantao Formation of Neogene, with good connecteness, wide distribution and large thickness. This layer accumulates oil and gas from Paleogene and then forms gathering of carpet type. The meshwork layer of oil and gas accumulation is made of TST and HST sediment of the upper section of the Guantao Formation and the Minghuazhen Formation of Neogene. The planes of sand bodies dominated by meandering fluvial facies appear as braches, their section is like lens and oil and gas migrates and accumulates through sand body and fault transporting meshwork. The two-dimensional physical modeling experiment results of oil and gas migration and accumulation course in the meshwork-carpet type oil and gas pool-forming system of meshwork and carpet type show that under the action of seismic pump, oil and gas which migrate up periodically along fault and fracture infuses the reservoir layer at first and migrate as carpet type in an emitting way. Oil that enters into overlying sandstone through communicating the fault of reservoir layer and overburden gathers and forms pool in sand body on the two sides of fault. In the meshwork-carper type oil and gas pool-forming system in the Neogene of the Jiyang depression, three types and nine kinds of oil (gas) pool have been found. In drape structure of buried hill and its surrounding, there is combination of structural oil and gas pools with large reserves abundance; lithologic combination of oil and gas reservoirs is controlled by fluvial channel with wide distribution, great lateral change and complex relationship of oil and gas; in the ramp structural belt there is combination of stratigraphic oil and gas pools. Migration of depocenter and subsiding center of the Bohai Bay basin to the Bohai sea in the Tertiary period is the main cause why oil and gas in the Neogene of the Jiyang depression gathers in the Zhanhua sag near the Bohai sea. In this sag, low heave caused by faulting is the best location of oil and gas accumulated. The fluvial sequence structure with the enormously thick transportation layer of carpet type down and sandstone lens body of braches type up, is the premise for forming meshwork-carpet type oil and gas pool-forming system; the existance of oil source fault meshwork and the fault net connecting the storage layer and oil and gas accumulating net layer, is the key causing oil and gas of the other source migrate upward; traps in the storage layer and oil and gas accumulating net layer are the core for forming secondary oil and gas pools. The sedimentary basins with similar conditions may also have meshwork-carpet type oil and gas pool-forming system. This new theory of petroleum geology provides new thinking for exploring secondary oil and gas pools.
  • The summary of the achievements on the tectonic researches in Tarim basin during the period of 9th Five-Year Plan
    JIA Chengzao and WEI Guoqi
    , 2003, 30(1): 266-0.
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    During the period of 9th Five-Year Plan, the key scientific and technical research projects have obtained significant achievements on the research of the tectonics of Tarim basin, which laid the foundation of the exploration of oil and gas on the research of the structure and evolution of tectonics in the basin. The authors introduced briefly the key achievements, which include the deep structural layers, the palaeomagnetic stratigraphy, the internal structure of the basin, the plate boundary of the southern margin, the tectonics of the south, the palaeohighs，the structure of Kuqa depression and its basic features in tectonics and the relationship between the evolution of Tethys orogeny and the enrichment of oil and gas in the basins of northern Tethys.
  • The characteristic of relay ramps in fault system of the placanticline in Dongpu sag and their relevance to hydrocarbon exploration
    SUN Simin; PENG Shimi; WANG xinwen and ZAN Xin
    , 2003, 30(1): 267-0.
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    The fault system of the placanticline in western Dongpu sag is an en echelon fault system consisting of five overlapping faults, relay ramps lie in the overlapping segments. They connect the hanging wall of one fault to the footwall of another fault, and have special deforming feature, beside them on the hanging wall there are transverse anticlines. Displacement transfer between overlapping faults by deforming and faulting on them, their origin is related to segmentation of fault system. Relay ramps and transverse anticlines have great influence on the distribution of source and reservoir rock, they are potential targets.
  • Controlling role of fault-break zones on sedimentary system—Taking Qiongdongnan basin as an example
    ZHAO Zhongxin; WANG Hua and LU Yong-chao
    , 2003, 30(1): 268-0.
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    This article identified major fault-break zones types and their characteristics based on concept of fault-break zones in Qiongdongnan basin. And the authors respectively analyzed their control action on the depositional subarea and distributing of sedimentary sandbodies in Qiongdongnan basin. Ultimately, the authors summarized multilevel of fault-break zones and thier controlling on spatial distribution of sedimentary facies in different evolvement epoch in the Qiongdongnan basin. The fault-break zones not only controlled the changes of water-depth and accommodation at the low-stand and high-stand periods, but also controlled the distribution of sedimentary system and sedimentary system tracts of strata in the each depression of Qiongdongnan basin. Especially the fault-break zones developed in low-stand and high-stand periods that fairly control the location of ancient-uplift, seashore-plain, and shallow and deep-water units of shallow sea as each sequence strata developed. From the mentioned above, the scales of resource rocks, characteristics of passage layer (body), scale and quality of reservoir and seal characteristics etc. can be estimated. This is significant for oil and gas exploration in Qiongdongnan basin.
  • The characteristics of abnormal high-pressure and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in the Es1+2 formation in western sag of Liaohe regtion
    FANG Shihu; XU Huaimin; GUO Zhaojie; YIN Jihong and WU Xinglu
    , 2003, 30(1): 269-0.
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    The implications of abnormal high-pressure for hydrocarbon migration and accumulation lie in two opposite aspects. On one hand, the formation with abnormal high-pressure can act as a seal, especially as a regional seal, being the key factor to hydrocarbon accumulations. On the other hand, abnormal high-pressure provides water and hydrocarbon expulsion with original power. And the formed cracks or fractures also can be favorable migrating channels of oil and gas. But the seal may be destroyed and result in re-distribution of oil and gas below the seal or mudstone. By studying the abnormal pressure of Esl+2 formation in west sag of Tanhai area of Liaohe depression, the authors succeeded in explaining how abnormal high-pressure affect and control hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. Furthermore, the relationship between abnormal high-pressure and petroleum migration, accumulation and distribution was discussed.
  • Special hydrocarbon-generation evolution of source rocks under deep, high temperature and pressure in northern Qikou area
    CHEN Shanyong; LI Jun; SUN Bing and ZHOU Liying
    , 2003, 30(1): 270-0.
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    Hydrocarbon-generation evolution of source rocks under high temperature and pressure in Tertiary deep strata of Qikou sag is different from the conventional evolution of kerogen degradation, which is obviously in response to the maturity criteria characteristics. Through the analysis of specific hydrocarbon-generation evolution and pyrolysis simulation of Qikou deep strata, the author studies the overpressure influence on source rocks, summaries the specific hydrocarbon generation characteristics. the overpressure always restrains the hydrocarbon evolution, but its restraining degree is different from time to time. The overpressure restraining effect becomes stronger after the peak hydrocarbon generation, it not only restrains the conversion from oil phase to dry gas phase, but also does kerogen degradation, and leads to the lag of hydrocarbon generation, results in the depth of oil generation deeper than predicting according to normal kerogen evolution. The specific hydrocarbon generation of Qikou Sag shows gas phase changed into oil phase in low mature to mature stage and mature oil window moved up to early high mature stage.
    • 综合勘探开发技术
  • The simulation of hydrocarbon-generating and hydrocarbon-expulsing histories in the Middle and Lower Jurassic of the northern margin of Qaidam basi
    WANG Yongzhuo and XU Jingzhen
    , 2003, 30(1): 271-0.
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    The authors simulated and analyzed the hydrocarbon-generating and hydrocarbon-expulsing histories of Middle and Lower Jurassic coal-measure hydrocarbon source rocks of north marginal area in Qaidum basin by using finite parallel one stage reaction hydrocarbon-generating model and saturation-hydrocarbon expulsion model controlled by critical hydrocarbon saturation and expulsion efficiency of hydrocarbon, and combined with the chemical reaction process according to rate of oil production of thermal simulation experiment with 14 immature－low matutre samples from borehole and surface outcrops. The simulation results indicate that Middle and Lower Jurassic coal-measure hydrocarbon source rocks of north marginal area in Qaidum basin have mostly entered into overmature stage; their vitrinite reflectance is mostly at greater than 2%, but their processes of hydrocabon generation and hydrocarbon expulsion are different: the accumulated oil-generating capacity and oil-expulsing capacity of Lower Jurassic is more than 10×103kg/m2 and over 4×103kg/m2, respectively; While the maximum accumulated oil-generating capacity and oil-expulsing capacity of Middle Jurassic is only 2×103kg/m2and less than 1×103kg/m2, respectively.
  • The distortion and correction of SP logs of reservoirs at high water-cut stage in Daqing oil field
    YANG Ruiming; WANG Liangshu; XU Zhengshun and TAO Jiasheng
    , 2003, 30(1): 272-0.
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    The distortion and correction of SP logs of reservoirs at high water-cut stage in Daqing oil field
  • A new method for interpreting pressure buildup data from DST
    MAO Wei; YU bijun; ZHANG Qingru and XU Luo-bin
    , 2003, 30(1): 273-0.
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    A new interpretation method, after studying the methods for interpreting pressure buildup data in DST non-natural flow wells, was advanced and its interpretation results were quantitatively tested with 4 error statistical parameters. By comparing the relative performance factors of new method with that of other methods, it was found that the new method performs better than some other methods such as flow period interpretation methods, Peres pressure buildup period methodⅠand Ⅱ. Through quantitative check, formation parameters can be correctly obtained. From the comparison of interpretation results of flow period and buildup period interpretation methods, it can be concluded that the interpretation method of buildup period is superior to that of flow period.
  • Applying computer-aided history matching to the numerical simulation of reservoirs
    DENG Baorong; YUAN Shiyi; LI Jianfang; LEI Yinghua and LU Yong
    , 2003, 30(1): 274-0.
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    The research of computer-aided history matching is presented in this paper. The authors give a practical and reliable implementation aimed at solving the problems of complexity and multi-solution in manual history matching. Optimization method discussed in this paper including setting up objective function, and reasonably selecting optimization parameters to rapidly match history performance index has been implemented in the fully implicit, 3-dimensional, 3-phase black-oil reservoir simulator Levenberg-Marquardt idea, which has the advantages both in Gauss-Newton and steepest descent, is used to minimize an objective function that measures the difference between the simulated and the observed field data in this paper. Rms-gradients and the covariance matrix are also computed in this paper for analyzing the sensitivities of parameters and quickly identifying those parameters, which are really important for a match. This paper presents the application of the computer-aided history-matching tool to two tests.It shows that the calculation of Rms-gradients is correct and the optimization method adopted is feasible, and the result of matching is good. Another test is carried out on a 3-D 3-phase field case in real industrial conditions. The best result was also obtained. It was demonstrated that the computer-aided history-matching tool could identify the reservoir parameters that had significant effect on the observed data and reduce computation time significantly.
  • Quantitative modeling in fluvial facies reservoir
    WANG Zhonglin and XU Shouyu
    , 2003, 30(1): 275-0.
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    Seidimentary microfacies, the spreding of the sand body, reservoir frame, reservoir and fluid characteristic, reservoir heterogeneity and individual-well model were studied in Zhong-7 district in Gudong oil field in order to find a effective method in reservoir stochastic modeling by using comprehensive theory and technology. Considering of the high heterogeneity in fluvial facies reservoir, several methods of reservoir modeling in 2-D and 3-D were studied and analyzed and the result indicates that indicator simulation is the best method in fluvial facies reservoir quantitative modeling. Quantitative model was build in Zhong-7 district and the effect is excellent.
    • 油田开发与油藏工程
  • The subdivision of series of strata development of deep Wendong oil field with low permeability and multiple layers
    HUANG Xinwen; ZHANG Xingyan; ZHU Xueqian; HAO Jinghua; ZHOU Qi and CHEN Xinping
    , 2003, 30(1): 276-0.
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    Deep, low permeability and multiple-layered sandstone oil fields generally use commingled producing system, due to restrictions in their economic production. The development practice indicated that if the number of layers in a series of strata development is too many, inter-layer heterogeneity will lead to an extreamly uneven oil displacement by water and poor commingled oil production and commingled water injection results. So, it is necessary to study new reservoir zonation methods so as to gear them to the needs of development and production for subdivision of strata, and enable the injection-production well spacing to meet the needs of water flooding development. Wendong oil field of Dongpu sag is a low-permeability and multiple-layered oil field with 55 oil layers. On the basis of accurately undestanding of geologic features and development characteristics, taking the economic benefits as the prerequesition, and making reasonable reservoir zonation and combining the experiences of the effectively and economically subdividing development series of strata, scientific and reasonable development of the oil fields similar to Wendong oil field will be achievable.
  • The main challenges and the reasonable well spacing for the development of low-permeability sandstone reservoirs
    WANG Duanping; SHI Dianhai; LI Xiangyuan and CHEN Guangmei
    , 2003, 30(1): 277-0.
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    development effect of low-permeability oil field is getting worse than expectation result in the early days of oilfield development, duo to the fact that permeability decreases caused by formation pressure decreasing and overburden static pressure relatively increasing; and reservoir flow state changes from pseudo-Darcy seepage flow to low-velocity, high-resistivity non-Darcy flow. According to actual conditions of low-permeability reservoirs of Shengli oil field, a definition on the conception of technical limit well spacing was given; and in the light of flow rate and flow verlocity equations of filtrate and experimental model (critical displacement pressure gradient) established by lab test and in-situ data, an equation for calculating technical critical well spacing was developed. The calculation equation was used for calculating technical limit well spacing of Unit 76 of Shengtuo oil field, Shengli oil complex, and reasonable calculation results were obtained.
  • A study on the flow units of shallow-water turbidite reservoirs in Shengtuo oil Field
    DENG Yuzhen
    , 2003, 30(1): 278-0.
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    The second horizon of the first formation of the Sha-2 member in Shengtuo oil field is a set of turbidite facies reservoir with good reservoir property developed in shallow water. After nearly 40 years waterflooding development, the field has got into high water-cut period and the reservoir property has changed very much. In order to study the distribution of the remaining oil betterly with very high water-cut in turbidite facies reservoir developed in shallow-water, flow unit was studied and has been classified into four types. The model of flow unit was studied from different aspects such as lithology, electric property and microstructure and the relationship between the four types of flow unit and the distribution of the remaining oil. The result indicates that the study of the remaining oil combined with flow unit can give a better directing in the development of the reservoir. It was verified that the method for the flow unit study in shallow water turbidity facies reservoir is effective.
  • Sedimentary microfacie and water-flooding analysis in Wen 33 fault-block in Wennan oil field
    LI Cungui; XUE Guogang and ZHANG Hui
    , 2003, 30(1): 279-0.
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    The major micro-facies of delta front in the lower Es2 formation in Wen 33 fault block composed of under-water channel, debouch bar, under-water levee and crevasse splay deposits and distal bar, which control the distribution and development of major oil reservoirs. According to the analysis of micro-facies, the reservoirs could be classified into three kinds. There are different characteristics of water-flooding, developed degree and replacement ratio of petroleum in each different reservoir. It is proved that the strongest water-flooded reservoirs should be the one developed in under-water channel, then, the edges of channel and debouch bar, and the last one is under-water levee, crevasse and beach lake.
    • 油藏物理
  • A discussion on shale stability coupling with mechanics and chemistry
    DENG Hu and MENG Yingfeng
    , 2003, 30(1): 280-0.
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    Shale stability coupling with mechanics and chemistry is a focus of attention in the field of borehole wall stability study. After reviewing this issue′s studies at home and abroad, four kinds of research method and theory are classified which are: mechanism of water transmitting in shale; theory of total adsorption water; theory of equivalent pore pressure; and incremental elastic theory based on total aqueous potential. Through comprehensive analysis, it is found that: In the fluid-shale system, water and ions flow into or out of shale, changing the shale properties and stress distribution aroundwellbore. This change can be quantitatively analyzed by the methods above. On the other hand, because of extremely complication of the problem, those methods and theories do not agree on some basic points, each of them has their own disadvantages. More realizable and realistic theory and more deep mechanism research are required in order to understand shale hydration from coupling viewpoint of mechanics and chemicals.
    • 学术讨论
  • Lowstand delta sedimentary of Paleogene in Dongpu sag
    JI Youliang and FENG Jianhui
    , 2003, 30(1): 281-0.
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    On the basis of restudy of the origin of halite in Paleogene of Dongpu depression, it was found that the lake level fluctuate frequently during the sedimentation of 3rd member of Shahejie Formation, and the flunctuation frequency is 1000 times per Ma. This article thinks that sandbodies in shale and oil shale of semi-deep lake-deep lake facies in the basin center of Paleogene in Dongpu depression are lowstand delta sandbodies, and that gypsum and halite (often in the center of the basin) is playa lake sediment in low-stand stage. This article also summarizes facies mark, facies sequence, facies model and sandbody spreading character of lowstand delta.
    • 石油地质研究
  • The prediction of proved economic reserves and development prospect of coal-bed methane in China
    WANG Hongyan; ZHANG Jianbo and LIU Honglin
    , 2003, 30(1): 348-0.
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    The potential resource of CBM in China is huge and prospective resource is 27.3×1012m3. Energy basket in China is extremely irrational: the CBM quantity emitted to atmosphere during coal production per year approaches 194×108m3, close to the Chinese yearly nature gas output, equal to one-third of the CBM quantity emitted to atmosphere during coal production in the world and 27% of the artificial emission CBM quantity in China. Therefore it is extremely important and instant to make a middle and long term planning of taking advantage of and developing Chinese CBM.This paper predicts the CBM utilization and development in 2005, 2010 and 2025 in China by studying the latest CBM exploration and development progress, combined with Chinese and foreign developing situation and Chinese energy strategy programme.
  • The exploration strategy of coal bed methane of coal basin in low coal rank in northwestern China
    CHEN Mengjin and ZHANG Jianbo
    , 2003, 30(1): 349-0.
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    This paper analyzes the importance of gas content and gas saturation in foreign and domestic coal bed methane (CBM) exploration. Powder River basin, Uinta basin of USA and Tiefa basin of China are all low coal rank basins. The gas contents of them are all not so high. But the permeability and thickness of these basins are higher. They all get the commercial gas rates, and exploration successful. There are a lot of CBM resources in low coal rank area in northwest China. So it is very important for the low coal rank area to explore CBM, especially in northwestern China. And people must pay more attention to the preservation conditions of CBM in exploration of low coal rank basin in China.
  • Formation mechanism of abnormal pressures in deep-basin gas accumulation
    ZHANG Jinchuan and WANG Zhixin
    , 2003, 30(1): 352-0.
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    Abnormal pressure is one of the important characteristics of deep basin gas or basin centered gas. By using the driving principles of piston movements, the paper discussed the pressure laws of typically deep basin gases. As a result, the abnormal pressures of deep basin gases that are of piston -fashioned driving between water and gas are supernormal ones forever. Since the density of gas is much lighter than that of formation water, theoretically critical point of normal pressure will be occurred within the accumulation of deep basin gas when the column of gas is long enough. Down-passing the critical point of normal pressure, the pressures of gas will gradually be subnormal ones. It is proved that the pressures of deep basin gases are of self-interacting from usually supernormal to subnormal during the diversification stages from accumulation to preservation of gases.
  • The development features and formation mechanisms of abnormal high formation pressure in southern Junggar region
    WANG Zhenliang; SUN Mingliang; GENG Peng; SONG Yan and LI Yaohua
    , 2003, 30(1): 353-0.
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    Abnormal high formation pressure is an important component of fluid dynamics in petroliferous basins, and relates closely with origin, migration and accumulation of hydrocarbon, and drilling engineering as well. According to data of measured pressure in reservoir bed, vertical distribution of calculated pressure in mudstone, and plans of estimated overpressure in different strata, it is analyzed that the distribution features of abnormal high formation pressure in sandstone and mudstone in the southern Junggar basin, and the cause mechanisms of overpressure mainly by contrast of synthetical compaction curves. It is detected that the overpressure developed well in sandstonesin sag, and the distribution of pressure in mudstone is either similar with measured pressure in sandstone, or is smaller than the latter, the abnormal high pressures in sandstones is not completed aroused by under-compaction in mudstone. By contrast of synthetical compaction curves in mudstone, it is affirmed whether or not the overpressure in different wells is caused by compaction. It is summed up that cause of abnormal formation pressure include factors of disequilibrium between compaction and expulsion of water in mudstone, tectonic compression, bearing pressure by high fluid potential, vertically hydrodynamic run-through by fault, etc, and their actions are of distinction respectively among different areas. It is generalized that the formation of abnormal pressure in western area is caused mainly by undercompaction, and in eastern area is from tectonic compression, hydro-dynamic transmission throngh faults, and so on.
  • A study of shale-fractured reservoirs in Zhanhua sag
    WANG Zhigang
    , 2003, 30(1): 356-0.
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    Zhanhua sag of Jiyang depression was a N-E faulted lake basin in early Teriary. The early Tertiary developed the proximal brakyaxis quick deposit with multi-directions, multi-sources, multi-types and multi-periods. In the top-Es4, Es3 and Es1 sections the mudstone that is principal source, the reservoir bodies with five genesis and the strongly active fracture and the sequence surface with multi-groups and multi-periods formed the stereo transferring and duplex oil and gas gathering bands. The mudsone reservoir that distributes in the west flank of nose-like structure of Luojia gathers in mud facture reservoirs of five genesis types which underwent multi-tectonic activities, which is the mudstone with abundant organic matter combined with the fine mudstone with calcite lamina, developed in low Es3 and buried at the depth ranging 2600-3000m, undergoing multi-diagenetic stages.
  • Prediction of subtle hydrocarbon reservoirs and pool-forming mechanism, northern part of western sag, Liaohe region
    LI Hongwei; ZHU Yixiang; LI Shengli and ZHAO Ming
    , 2003, 30(1): 357-0.
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    The distribution of subtle hydrocarbon reservoirs was discussed in this paper. Based on the very inadequate data of core and seismic facies, the genesis of hydrocarbon reservoirs was analyzed. In order to recognize the source of hydrocarbon, geochemical study on samples of oil and source rocks was also carried out. According to the genetic information of hydrocarbon reservoir, the distribution of hydrocarbon reservoirs was predicted through 3D reservoir imaging, and the mechanism of hydrocarbon accumulation in the reservoirs was revealed that the petroleum wasn t controlled by the structure but mainly governed by the channel sand reservoirs, and the petroleum was sealed in the intra-channel mud, which indicates that the type of reservoir is nothing but stratigraphic reservoir. In the light of this prediction, the drilling well designed along the channel sand reservoirs was successful.
    • 综合勘探开发技术
  • Exploration technology of Hejiannan buried hill oil reservoir in Jizhong depression
    GE Xufang; TANG Jin; WU Yu and WU Zhong
    , 2003, 30(1): 360-0.
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    During precise target interpretation to the 3-D seismic data of the Hejiannan area in Jizhong depression, a new buried hill trap— Hejiannan burial hill has been discovered after establishing trap status accurately and comprehensive evaluation on the sources, reservoir and seal by several survey technology and means. After comprehensive discussion and conformation, Well M851 was drilled and explored in the Wumishan Formation, which got high industrial oil stream. This article describes the importance of the full 3-D seismic survey technology and comprehensive geological study in the deep areas.
  • Prediction of Archaeozoic PR reservoir bed in Chengbei 30 buried hill
    WANG Jun and ZHANG Qiang
    , 2003, 30(1): 361-0.
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    The Chengbei No.30 buried hill locates in the east of the major part of Chengdao oil field in Shengli exploration area, with three structures in age of Mesozoic, Paleozoic and Archaeological, respectively. The Archaeological stratum is of granite gneiss with complex faults and excellent developed fracture, carven and pore since the multiphase weathering and erosion had happened in such a long geological history. Based on the comprehensive geologic research and analyses of the data of pre-stack depth migration seismic, an accurate 3-D model within the deep buried hills has been established. The distributions of the low-velocity favorable reservoir, porosity and permeability have been predicted by using the inversion technology of wave refraction. The fractures with big angle of inclination have also been predicted by utilizing the technology of coherent analysis and comprehensive geologic research. The excellent effective of prediction has been verified by the drilling of Chengbei well No. 303, in which the error of the depth prediction below 3000m is 0.4% and the error the thickness prediction is 15%, respectively only.
  • Recognition method of micro-relief structures in complicated structural reservoirs and the application of buoyance in oilfield development
    WANG Qing; JIA Dong; MA Pingang; CAO Yang and DING Jie
    , 2003, 30(1): 364-0.
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    Based on the basic structural characters of T oil field in south part of Daqing placanticline determined by high-resolution 3-D seismic profile data, this paper proposes that the micro-relief structures control the remaining oil distribution and the results of water injection in the oil field. It is because of gravity that the micro-relief structures affect the water injection results. The buoyancy out of oil and water gravity segregation is the new drive force to be used in water flooding. Showed from the results of the experiment, it is feasible for the buoyancy to re-gather the remaining oil for a short time in near distance. So with the intermittent injection and production of wells during recovering the remaining oil, to use buoyancy is a good method for improving development results of the complex fault-block reservoir with small and narrow sand bodies and micro-relief structures.
  • Facies-controlled model for predicting reservoir parameters of between wells
    DONG Wei and FENG Fang
    , 2003, 30(1): 365-0.
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    Physical properties of sandstone reservoirs have close relations with sedimentary microfacies under the conditions of no strong epidiageneses. Using sedimentary facies control of reservoir physical properties, the paper puts forward a facies-controlled model to predict physical property parameters of sandstone reservoirs between wells and to research sandstone thickness as well as lateral distribution of reservoir porosity and permeability by building a model of reservoir physical property parameters. The essence of the method is to achieve parameter prediction between wells with geological control, that is, the data of soft information of reservoir parameters (not 100% certainty) extracted from the geological information of sedimentary facies between wells are used as the supplemented controlling condition between wells to predict reservoir parameters between wells together with well-site data. The method is suitable for the reservoir discription without enough well data and is a practical and technical method of reservoir discription.
    • 油田开发与油藏工程
  • The effect of pore structure on the characteristics of percolation flow curves of Ansai low-permeability reservoir
    GAO Wanglai
    , 2003, 30(1): 372-0.
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    Measuring flow characteristics curve is the foundation of studying percolation mechanism. Throught experiment, it was found that the percolation flow curves of reservoir cores from Ansai oil field present two straight lines under low effective net confining pressure, it is held that the morphological feature of percolation flow curve is related to reservoir pore structure from mercury injection experiment and analysis of capillary pressure curves. Therefore, the influence of pore structure and the interaction between liquid and rock of reservoir should be of consideration in analyzing the characteristics of percolation flow curves and studying the flow mechanism of low permeability reservoir.
  • Analysis of pressure of nonlinear flow through low-permeability reservoir with vertically fractured well producing
    DENG Yinger and LIU Ciqun
    , 2003, 30(1): 373-0.
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    A mathematical model of nonlinear steady and unsteady flow through a low-permeability reservoir with vertically fractured well producing is established accordingly to a mathematical model of nonlinear flow law in low-permeability porous media and a concept of a flow in the direction of normal of ellipses. Formulas of pressure distribution and pressure disturbance radius for the nonlinear unsteady flow are derived. Pressure distribution for nonlinear steady and unsteady flow, and pressure disturbance regularity for the nonlinear unsteady flow, are obtained. It is shown that there is big difference between results resulted from nonlinear flow and linear flow. Plots of pressure distribution for linear steady flow are straight lines, but plots for nonlinear steady flow are curves in the elliptical coordinate system. Pressure gradient for linear steady flow is constant in the elliptical coordinate system, but it is decreased with ellipses coordinate for nonlinear flow. Pressure of nonlinear flow is biger than that of linear flow; the effect radiu of nonlinear flow extends slower than that of linear flow. It is important that influence of nonlinear flow on development of a low-permeability reservoir by a vertically fractured well be taken into account.
  • Continuously monitoring the horizontal well development performance of Pinghu oil-gas field with low viscosity and high permeability and bottom water
    YANG Yaozhong; CHANG Feng; ZHANG Shiming; CHEN Ronghua; SUN Yeheng; XU Kuanzheng and HAN Zichen
    , 2003, 30(1): 384-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    H23+4 reservoir of Pinhu oilfield is the bottom water drived lumpish reservoir in East China Sea.The research of reservoir parameter sensitivity has identified that the development effect using the horizontal well to H23+4 reservoir is well, the horizontal wells would be arranged along the major axis of the structure and 600 meters would be suitable for the drilling lenth of the horizontal well.At present,watercut of the devised horizontal well A3 is 36%,its production rate is 423 m3,and the oil recovery rate is 3.5%,so it is at the middle watercut development stage with low rate. The combination of continuously monitoring the reservoir with the development practice can adjust and modify the development technology administrative policy in time and improve the development contradiction.After the adjustment of the development project by using the continuously monitoring research,the recovery rate of the reservoir has rised 5.01% higher than that of primary development project.
  • A study on reservoir characteristics of the turbidite sand body Shasan intermediate member in Niuzhuang sag in Dongying depression
    HOU Mingcai; TIAN Jingchun; CHEN Hongde; CHEN Xuehua; XIAO Huanqing; QIU Quiqiang and JIA Guanghua
    , 2003, 30(1): 385-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    In this paper, by examining cores of the Shasan intermediate section (E2s32) of the Niu30 and Niu43 wells in Niuzhuang sag and comprehensively researching their log data, tectonic setting and pore space feature, the authors of the paper think that there are two kinds of turbidite fan-the deep-water turbidite fan and delta front fluxoturbidite. Based on the above study and analysis, authors study in full their reservoir characteristics in respective microfacies type, sedimentation feature, pore genesis and controlling factor. There are four kinds of pore, such as: primary pore, secondary pore, micropore and micro-fissure. Sandbodies of inner fan main channel and middle fan braided stream are better reservoir rocks. Sandbodies of middle fan braided stream front and outer fan are worse reservoir rocks, because their grain size is smaller, mixture content is higher, primary pore is smaller. Compaction, consolidation, dissolution and recrystallization reformed obviously reservoir feature of the turbidities. Of which, compaction, consolidation and clay filling caused porosity and permeability descending, throat chocking, compaction, agglutination and metasomatism improved the reservoir feature. It is concluded that sand body of the Shasan intermediate section belongs to medium reservoir rock, which is characterized by middle to low porosity and low permeability. It is caused by deep burial, early formation times and strong diagenesis in the process of deposition to diagenism evolution.
  • A study on selective water shut-off with temporary blocking agent and strong gel in laboratory
    TANG Xiaofen; LIU Yuzhang and LIU Gehui
    , 2003, 30(1): 408-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    The article aims at the problem that non-target stratum is polluted easily when doing the commingled water plugging. Using the theory that high pressure and high energy of water yield formation is propitious for fluid to flow into the non-target stratum of low pressure and permeability, the authors of this paper put forward that the temporary blocking protective agent of weak gel should be made use of before water plugging, and then strive for the realization of the goal of selective water shut-off when doing the commingled water plugging with high-strength gel agent. The article also makes exposition of the principles of temporary blocking selective water shut-off, the characteristics of high-strength gel blocking agent and weak gel temporary blocking agent, and evaluates the interrelationship of blocking agent and temporary blocking agent in property when both are used together and the functions of selective blocking.
    • 油藏物理
  • Effect of formation pressure and temperature on rock physical properties of Neogene in Gaoliu area
    ZHOU Cancan; LI Shuxun; ZHOU Fengming and ZHENG Hongju
    , 2003, 30(1): 409-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    The sandstone reservoir of Minghuazhen Formation and Guantao Formation of Neogene in Gaoliu area of Nanpu sag, northern Huanghua depression is a kind of sandstone reservoir with poor consolidation. The core testing results show that porosity and permeability of reservoir rocks decrease with the increase of net overburden pressure, and the fluctuation range of permeability is more than that of porosity. Compared with the results of conventional core analysis, under reservoir conditions (net overburden pressure＞20MPa), porosity decreases about 3% to 10%, permeability increases about 12% to 70%. From the study, the correction formula of porosity, permeability and net overburden pressure was established, and from the analysis, it is concluded that the porosity, permeability and net overburden pressure present exponential functional relation, and the effect of formation temperature on the properties of reservoir rocks of this area should be neglected.
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