, Volume 33 Issue 2
    

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  • Distribution characteristics and discovery prospect of giant oilfields in China
    LI Xiaodi
    , 2006, 33(2): 1250-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Giant oilfields are important to the growth of oil reserves and production. By the end of 2004, the giant-oilfield reserves accounts for 77% of the total proved reserves in China, and the giant-oilfield production is 70% of the national production. The giant-oilfield reservoirs are mainly Cretaceous and Eogene terrigenous sandstones, and the traps are mainly anticlinal traps and complex traps. Most Chinese giant oilfields are distributed in the sags rich in oil and gas. The richer the oil resources are in the sags, the shorter the time of discovering giant oilfields is, the more the oil resources are in the sags, the bigger the scales of giant oilfields are. At present, the degree of exploration in China is very low, more giant oilfields are expected to be discovered in west China and offshore areas.
  • Theories and application of hydrocarbon spatial distribution
    GUO Yongqiang; WU Yuanyan and LIU Luofu
    , 2006, 33(2): 1251-0.
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    Approaches of predicting hydrocarbon spatial distribution can be categorized into three general groups: genetic method, stochastic method and information integration method. The genetic method considers the geologic factors of hydrocarbon accumulation, but omits the important instruction of the drilling outcomes. It is fit for the area that is in an earlier exploration stage and scarce of exploration wells. The stochastic method is based on drilling outcomes, and in this method, geologic statistics is applied for predicting hydrocarbon distribution, the method doesn't involve in the hydrocarbon accumulation factors. The information integration method contains all kinds of exploration information, such as geological, geophysical and drilling informations, and can comprehensively reflect the characteristics of hydrocarbon spatial distribution on a map, and its result is straightforward and reasonable, so the method is advanced. The information integration method is derived from the research on hydrocarbon distribution of overseas marine basins; it is difficult for directing the exploration of the non-marine basins in China. If the method is used to explore the subtle reservoirs of rifted basins in East China, it is necessary to combine with it advanced geologic theories and techniques, such as the high resolution 3D seismic data and sequence stratigraphy,and other hydrocarbon accumulation factors and exploration data to predict precisely favorable sandbody zones and study the hydrocarbon spatial distribution.
    • 油气勘探
  • Using diagenetic facies to analyze heterogeneous reservoir of Donghe sandstone of east slope of Lunnan, Tarim Basin
    YANG Fan; SUN Yushan; SHEN Yinmin and ZHANG Lijuan
    , 2006, 33(2): 1252-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Based on the study of diagenetic facies, the heterogeneous reservoir of Donghe sandstone of the east slope of Lunnan in Tarim Basin is subdivided into six diagenetic facies. The compact and non-compact cemented carbonate facies, which are widespread and regularly developed, damage the reservoir performance in the eogenetic stage and make it become a strongly heterogeneous reservoir. Generated from the partial solution, non-compact cement carbonate-weak solution facies, remaining primary porosity-weak solution facies and remaining primary porosity-solution facies are the results of the improved reservoir performance in the late diagenesis. Comprehensive studies show that the diagenetic facies and reservoir types have good corresponding relations. The type Ⅴ non-reservoirs are composed of the compact cement facies of carbonate; the type Ⅳ reservoirs are composed of the non-compact cement facies of carbonate; the type Ⅲ poor reservoirs are mainly composed of the non-compact cement-weak solution facies of carbonate and secondarily composed of the primary porosity facies; the type Ⅱ medium reservoirs are mainly composed of the remaining primary porosity - weak solution facies and secondarily composed of the non-compact cement facies-weak solution facies of carbonate; the type Ⅰ fine reservoirs are mainly composed of the remaining primary porosity- solution facies. According to the facies’ distribution and structural features, it is predicted that the fine reservoir of type Ⅰ is mainly located along the pinchout boundary of the research area, and the main trap type is structured-iagenetic. The medium reservoir of type Ⅱ is mainly located in the north slope region of Well Quema 1 - Well Cao 3, and the main trap type is diagenetic.
  • Important role of karstification in the Lower Permian reservoir in Sichuan Basin
    WANG Zhipeng and LU Zhengyuan
    , 2006, 33(2): 1253-0.
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    The development of cavity rather than fracture is critical for gas reservoirs with high production and big reserves in the dense carbonate of Lower Permian in Sichuan Basin. During the Himalayan movement stage of forming folds and fractures, there was no condition of forming karstification because of no motion of the formation water or/and the meteoric water in the dense rock. The important role of karstification during the Dongwu Lift in the formation of cavity has been certified by the distribution of the gas reservoirs with big reserves, the investigation of the mineralized caves in the crop sections, the relationship between cavities met in drilling wells and faults, the finding of material filled in the cavities,and the oxygen isotopic compositions of the formation water in the Lower Permian. Since the Lower Permian carbonate becomes dense in the early digenesis stage, karstification mainly takes place through the solution and enlargement of fissures and bed surfaces, and the conduit cavern system is formed, which provides the major void spaces for the gas reservoirs with big reserves.
  • Geology characteristics and exploration strategy of Mesozoic large and medium oilfields in Southern Ordos Basin
    WANG Jianmin
    , 2006, 33(2): 1254-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    In order to find out the Mesozoic oil-gas distribution regulation, design a practical and effectual strategy of exploration disposition, and realize an oil-gas breakthrough and oilfield discovery as soon as possible in the southern Ordos Basin, the petroleum geologic conditions of the basin were systematically analyzed and exploration and development practices were wholly examined. It shows that the Mesozoic oil and gas in the basin are generated, distributed, gathered and accumulated in large scales, and the gathering degrees of oil-gas in different layers and spaces are different, presenting a complicated and variable complexion. The main oil pool types are of subtle structural-lithologic oil pools and lithologic oil pools. A large size advantageous sedimentary facies belt and a low partial vertical relief structure, and large-scale and low vertical relief structure setting formed by a series of partial low vertical relief structure are the main factors of controlling the large scale oil pool formation, and are also the basic condition of forming large-medium-sized oilfields. Conclusion: Mesozoic Southern Ordos Basin has the geology condition of growing large-medium-sized oilfields, but the exploration means is restricted by the condition of geography and surface feature. A scale exploration strategy should be performed, taking into account both upper and lower oil layers and taking drilling as the main means.
  • Discovery and significance of shallow lacustrine sediments in the Ng1+2 sand sets of Gudao Oilfield
    SHU Qinglin
    , 2006, 33(2): 1255-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    According to the observation, description, and analysis of consecutive cored intervals, shallow lacustrine deposits, instead of unitary fluvial facies, have been recognized in Ng1+2 sand sets in the Gudao Oilfield. The lake paleotopography was smooth, water body was very shallow, and the lake level changed frequently under the influence of climate. The deposits were mainly interbedded red mudstone and grey mudstone in alternative oxidizing and reducing environments. Lacustrine sedimentary structures were developed, such as wavy lamination, wave-generated cross stratifications, and ripples. Five microfacies (water channel, sand flat, mixed flat, mud flat and marsh) are classified in terms of lithology and depositional features. The distribution and characteristics of them are different in the flood and dry seasons.
  • Sequence of diagenetic authigenic mineral: the basis of timing the inclusions formation in sedimentary rocks
    TAO Shizhen
    , 2006, 33(2): 1256-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Some parameters including homogenization temperature, salinity and fluorescence intensity, etc., do not always monotonously increase or decrease with time, so identifying the periods and times of inclusions-forming should not only be confined to their own attributes, but should focus on the sequence differentiation of their parent-host mineral. According to the forming simultaneity of inclusions and their direct host mineral, the viewpoint that the sequence of diagenetic authigenic mineral is the fundamental basis of determining the periods and times of inclusions in sedimentary rocks is brought forward from the angle of crystallography and mineralogical mechanisms of inclusions-forming. This paper classifies and contrastively analyzes the diversity and complexity of "source-situation-period" connections of inclusions, and points out the principles and noteworthy problems of period determing and timing of inclusions in different kinds of "source-situation- period" connections. The periods and times of inclusions-forming and pool-forming are not equal whether it is salinity solution or hydrocarbon inclusions, so the inclusions that are formed in reservoir-forming periods should be distinguished in terms of time, space and material composition in order to exactly confirm the periods and times of reservoir-forming. In the experimental analysis of inclusions,the periods and times should be identified before the testing and analyzing, so that the experiment results can be correctly used to solve geological problems.
  • Formation mechanism and distribution prediction of high-quality marine reservoir in deeper Sichuan Basin
    ZHU Guangyou; ZHANG Shuichang and LIANG Yingbo
    , 2006, 33(2): 1257-0.
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    TSR (Thermochemical Sulfate Reduction) and the formation and accumulation of H2S occurred easily in the deep marine sedimentary carbonate reservoir of the Sichuan Basin, because reservoirs there were mostly composed of dolostone, which were interbedded with gypsiferous rocks, and experienced a deeply buried process. Fluid-rock interaction occurred in the deep reservoirs and caused the formation of high-quality reservoirs and secondary pores because H2S of TSR origin exhibited strong corrosion after dissolving in water. Because of the high temperature and high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide, the acid corrosion acted intensely in the deep strata, resulting in the well-developed secondary pores. The porous reservoir with gypsiferous rock was the base of TSR reaction. The occurrence of TSR further optimized the quality of reservoir, and led to the developed pore reservoir complex of high porosity and permeability. Furthermore, the corrosion was more acute in the deeper strata. The corrosion of H2S to reservoir might form larger pores through the reconstruction and dilation of original pores, or form new denudation pores. The formation and distribution of H2S may be used to predict the deep high-quality reservoir.
  • Petroleum accumulation simulating of Qikou Sag,Huanghua Depression
    LI Dawei; LI Mingcheng and WANG Xiaolian
    , 2006, 33(2): 1258-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Qikou Sag is the most favorable area of neo-tectonic strata for oil and gas exploration in Huanghua Depression. By using the developed“Petroleum Accumulation Simulating System”, the geo-histories of strata bury, organic matter evolution, hydrocarbon generation, expulsion and secondary migration (including oil and gas residual, leakage and accumulation) are modeled. Some fire-new concepts, including “space factor of efficient migration pathway”，“sharing factor of dynamic force”, “sharing factor of distance”, and “sharing factor of area”, are applied here. The oil and gas accumulation quantity and intensity of each play are also well modeled and evaluated synthetically
  • Fractures and faults distribution and its effect on gas enrichment areas in Ordos Basin
    ZHANG Junfeng and LAN Chaoli
    , 2006, 33(2): 1259-0.
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    Faults and three kinds of fractures are found from the upper Paleozoic strata in the Yulin-Shenmu region of the eastern Ordos Basin. The fractures consist of regional structure fractures, horizontal fractures (including bedding fractures and stylolites) and diagenic fractures. The regional structure fractures mainly extending along the northeast direction appear in all the strata of upper Paleozoic. The stylolites exist in the middle-lower parts of the second Member of Shanxi Formation (Shan 2) and carbonates of Taiyuan Formation. The bedding fractures are only seen in the middle-lower parts of Shan 2 and the diagenic fracures only in the fifth Member of Shiqianfeng Formation (Qian 5). The faults belong to inverse faults and break through the regional cover and source rocks of the lower gas reservoir of upper Paleozoic. The distribution of faults and fractures plays an important role in the gas accumulation of the three key reservoirs of Shan 2, Qian 5 and the eighth Member of Shihezi Formation (He 8), of which, the coexisting bedding fractures and stylolites control the distribution of gas enrichment area of Shan 2, regional structure fractures contribute to the gas enrichment for He 8, and the gas enrichment for Qian 5 depends on the distribution of faults breaking through the upper Shihezi Formation and regional structure fractures.
  • Formation mechanism and model of subtle traps in continental basins of east China
    CHEN Dongxia; PANG Xiongqi; JIANG Zhenxue and ZHANG Jun
    , 2006, 33(2): 1260-0.
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    The distribution and exploration potential of subtle reservoirs were analyzed based on the integrated analysis of the basin structural evolution and styles, sedimentary evolution and characteristics, reservoirs and hydrocarbon source rocks of two typical rift basins of Bohai Bay Basin, Songliao Basin in east of China. The research shows that the Bohai Bay Basin has multiple types of subtle reservoir and abundant hydrocarbon resources. The Songliao Basin has also abundant hydrocarbon resources of subtle reservoir though only a relatively single type is distributed in this large-size basin with the post-rift subsidence structure developed but the synrifting structure undeveloped. By associated consideration of subtle trap formation mechanism, hydrocarbon migration, petroleum system events and founded subtle reservoir types as well as distribution rules, five accumulation models and ten sub-models of continental rift basins in east China are constituted, that is, remnant paleo-buried hill, faulty paleo-buried hill, stratigraphic overlap in slope zone, stratigraphic overlap in paleo-high, stratigraphic truncation, shallow lithology, pinchout in slope zone, sand lens, lava overlap and lava lithology.
    • 油气田开发
  • Laboratory investigation of pressure development of natural gas hydrates
    HAO Yongmao; BO Qiwei; CHEN Yueming and LI Shuxia
    , 2006, 33(2): 1261-0.
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    By using the formation and exploitation experimental apparatus of natural gas hydrates (NGH), the phase equilibrium and basic exploitation laws of NGH pressure development were investigated. Four NGH phase equilibrium points were determined by the graphics method. These data are very consistent with other researchers', showing that the experimental apparatus and method are reliable. For the porous media with high porosity and high permeability,the equilibrium curve of NGH is identical to that in water solution. Thus the equilibrium models and data of NGH in water solution can be used for the exploitation of NGH. Under the condition of this experiment, the pressure development of NGH is an effectual technique, which has a high gas production rate controlled by depressurization speed and a low water production rate. For NGH reservoirs, pressure control and self-protection are two key problems in the practical production.NGH reservoirs which have underlying free gas or associated gas make the two problems relatively resoluble. In addition, other enhanced oil recovery methods, such as chemical injection and hot-water injection, are also considerable.
    • 油气勘探
  • Gas pool forming process in Wushi Sag of Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin
    ZHOU Xingxi; JIA Jinhua; ZHOU Dongyan and ZHANG Liping
    , 2006, 33(2): 1262-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Yilake gas field are composed of 3 super-pressure, normal temperature, sandstone pore type reservoir, bedded style, edge water and rich-superrich gas condensate pools in the Lower Cretaceous Shushanhe Formation. It is the first giant gas field discovered in the Wushi Sag. The pool forming model of the Yilake gas field is characterized by feeding from far-forth of lateral hydrocarbon kitchen, charging from migration network formed by fault, fracture, unconformity interface and conveyance layer, and accumulating by vadose inside super-pressure fluid compartment. The east part of the Wushi Sag could develop giant oil and gas fields, it has excellent conditions of hydrocarbon source and seal, and a big area of abnormal pressure compartment formed by the three layers pressure structure. The feature of the pool forming from far-forth distance to the hydrocarbon kitchen has proved that the east part of the Wushi Sag belongs to a part of the Kuqa super-charge petroleum system. This prospect area has great petroleum resource potential, and might gain more rich-superrich gas condensate pools and oil pools.
  • Application of reservoir prediction technique in the exploration and development of lithologic oil-gas reservoirs
    WANG Xiwen; LIU Quanxin; L Huantong; SU Mingjun; CAI Gang; GAO Jianhu; YAO Qingzhou and SHA Xuemei
    , 2006, 33(2): 1263-0.
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    A technique of predicting and appraising lithologic reservoir is put forward in this paper, including: log layer interpretation and 3D seismic structure interpretation in terms of principle of sequence stratigraphy; qualitative appraising technique of identifying lithologic reservoir by seismic attribute; quantitative static appraising technique of lithologic reservoir by seismic impedance inversion and log parameters inversion; quantitative dynamic appraising technique of lithologic reservoir by log parameters inversion in wells. The technique is successfully used in the exploration and development of the lithologic oil-gas reservoir in Well SN31, improving the exploration and development of lithologic oil-gas reservoirs.
  • Application of pre-stack depth migration technique in salt bed
    HU Hui and XIANG Shuan
    , 2006, 33(2): 1264-0.
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    The post-stack time section processing is not satisfactory when the subsurface structure is complex. The pre-stack depth migration avoids the process of superposition in time by directly processing the pre-stack data, which can efficiently control the lateral variation of velocity field. Based on the theory of ray tracing, the tomography image technology is used continuously to optimize the velocity-depth model during the whole processing, and the result indicates that the pre-stack depth migration is better than the post-stack time migration. The pre-stack depth migration has been successfully used in some parts of salt bed in Qianjiang Sag for the data processing and good effect is achieved, showing that the pre-stack depth migration technique is an ideal technique in complex areas and lateral variation of velocity zones.
  • Henan Oilfield Company, Sinopec, Henan 473132, China
    CHEN Ping
    , 2006, 33(2): 1265-0.
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    In the prediction of the space distribution of the glutenite body of steep slope zone in the Biyang Sag, seismic attribute analysis and seismic inversion techniques, based on the sequence stratigraphy researches and the corresponding relationship between palaeo-geomorphologic channel and fan, were utilized to determine the glutenite body and its distributing boundary. The prediction result shows that new gutenite bodies are found near the boundary fault of the steep slope, and turbidities bodies are found in the transition zone of the deep depression. They are favorable accumulation areas, and the drillings in the areas have got abundant oil.
  • Strike slip faults reversion and deep geologic setting in north Qaidam Basin
    WANG Guihong; XU Fengyin; CHEN Xinling; MA Dade; MA Lixie; SU Aiguo and ZHOU Suping
    , 2006, 33(2): 1266-0.
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    It was considered that the deeper part of double-layer thrust structures developed in Lenghu-Nanbaxian, northern Qaidam Basin, thrusted southward at later Yanshan Movement and the shallower part thrusted northward during the later Himalaya Orogeny. Based on seismic data, landsat images and well data, the paper indicates that the structures of Lenghu 5, 6, 7 and Nanbaxian are compressional strike slip faults developed during later Himalaya Orogeny. The deep geology shows that there are a few low velocity layers under the basin and the dips of major surrounding faults are nearly vertical,the possible detachment direction of deep crust is east-westward. Structural deformation concentrated along the strike slip faults, and the subsidence within the faults kept on developing with no or less deformation. During the maturation of Jurassic source rocks, no trap was formed on the Lenghu 6 structure, and the tops in the Lenghu 7 structure were different from the present ones. The Jurassic fault depression was distributed along the Lenghu-Lingjian belt,the primary accumulations may be distributed around the belt, including northern slope, structural traps developed during earlier and middle Himalaya Orogeny, and lithologic and stratigraphic traps. The deep parts of succeeding sag and their surrounding blocks controlled by deep faults are also favorable for petroleum accumulation.
  • A new method for concentration determination of crude oil sample using multipoint function simulation of synchronous fluorescence spectrum
    WANG Chunyan; DENG Meiyin; YANG Xiaoming; ZHANG Jinliang and ZHENG Ronger
    , 2006, 33(2): 1267-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    Fluorescence techniques are among the most important analytic methods in petroleum logging, but the present techniques in oilfields still have some drawbacks such as the limited concentration range and the lower accuracy. Crude oil samples in the Shengli Oilfield were investigated by using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS). The obtained SFS spectra show that the shapes of the spectra change a lot with the change of the sample concentration. Based on the change of the peak height and position, a new method for concentration determination of crude oil sample using multipoint function simulation is introduced. Experiments show that, in the concentration range from 10-4 g/L to 10g/L, this method has a lower relative deviation fewer than 5% compared with the traditional fluorescence techniques. The results suggest that the newly developed method may become a useful means in petroleum logging.
  • Characteristics of deep-buried fragmental reservoirs in central Junggar Basin and the effect of hydrocarbon emplacement on reservoirs' diagenetic mineral evolution
    MEN Xiangyong; ZHAO Wenzhi; HU Suyun and JI Hancheng
    , 2006, 33(2): 1268-0.
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    Based on the data of thin section, scanning electron microscopy, properties of reservoirs and XRD of clay minerals, petrological characteristics of the Permian and Triassic reservoirs in central Junggar Basin were analyzed. Effects of hydrocarbon emplacement on reservoirs' diagenetic mineral evolution were carefully discussed. The results show that the reservoirs are dominated by litharenite and have a high content of volcanic cuttings. The properties of reservoirs are of low porosity and low permeability, but the properties of reservoirs below 4000m are obviously better. Properties of oil-bearing reservoirs are obviously better than that of reservoirs without oil. The contents of some diagenetic minerals such as calcite, laumontite and illite have a decreasing trend with the elevation of oil-bearing level,suggesting that the reservoirs' diagenetic mineral evolution has been restrained by hydrocarbon emplacement. Hydrocarbon emplacement plays an important role in improving the properties of deep-buried reservoirs in the basin.
    • 油气田开发
  • Improving development efficiency of heavy oil in Shengli Oilfield by using high-temperature compounded foaming agent
    GONG Junfeng; CAO Yanbin; TANG Peizhong and LIU Dongqing
    , 2006, 33(2): 1269-0.
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    In the later stage of the steam flooding recovery of heavy oil reservoirs, the cyclic production and the oil to steam ratio become low because of the heterogeneity of the reservoirs. Nitrogen and foaming agents injected with steam can raise the sweep efficiency and displacement efficiency of the steam, and improve the effect of thermal exploitation. Aimed at Shengli heavy oil reservoirs, a new type foaming agent FCY was developed. The resistance factor of the agent was over 20 in the condition of gas to liquid ratio 1∶1 and 310℃. The influences of temperature, salinity, residual oil saturation on the resistance factor were studied. The experimental results show that the FCY foaming agent decreases the interfacial tension of oil/water and raises the oil displacement efficiency. The foaming agent injected with steam can enhance the recovery efficiency of heavy oil reservoirs and decrease water cut. The injection of nitrogen and the foaming agent at same time is the best way. The field application of the agent in the Shengli Oilfield demonstrates that the foaming agent can prevent breakthrough of gas and raise the production.
  • Experimental study on the mechanism of emulsion flooding with micromodels
    WANG Fengqin; QU Zhihao and KONG Lingrong
    , 2006, 33(2): 1270-0.
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    By the experiment of emulsion flow in micromodels of real sandstone, the mechanisms of emulsion displacement and its characteristics in porous media were analyzed. The results show that the different kinds of residual oil, which are formed by water flooding, are reduced after the emulsion flooding. There are two manners for the mechanism of emulsion flooding: (1)By the diffluencing effects produced by plugging big channels, the residual oil caused by bypassing flow is reduced; (2)By the actions of extrusion, pull and draught during emulsion flowing into the throats, efficient displacement of residual oil on the edge and corner of the pores is obtained. The experiments show that the oil displacement efficiency will increase by about 6% after emulsion flooding.
  • Vectorial well arrangement in anisotropic reservoirs
    LI Yang; WANG Duanping and LI Chuanliang
    , 2006, 33(2): 1271-0.
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    Due to the anisotropy of reservoirs, the injected fluid flows preferentially along the high permeability direction when water injection is used to retain the formation energy in the reservoir development. This would cause that the water breakthrough times for production wells in different directions are obviously different from each other and the process of displacement is unbalanced. Consequently, the effect of reservoir development is badly influenced. The vectorial development idea is put forward to solve the above problem. With the five-spot well arrangement as an example, the design method of vectorial well arrangement is presented based on the percolation mechanics theory, including the calculation model for the direction of vectorial well arrangement and the means of determining the directional well-space. The well arrangement direction for an anisotropic reservoir should be adjusted according to the anisotropy degree of the reservoir. The reliability of the design model is confirmed by its practical application in the Shengli Oilfield.
  • Application of univariant facies differentiation indexes in the study of microfacies displacement efficiency
    YUAN Xintao and PENG Shimi
    , 2006, 33(2): 1272-0.
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    In studying the relationship between displacement pressure difference and final displacement efficiency in different microfacies, the stepwise discriminant analysis neglects the similarity among facies and can not determine the elimination level of other disturbing factors accurately. Univariant facies differentiation indexes can overcome the defect. Based on the experimental data of the displacement of oil by water in the Liuchu Oilfield and other relevant experimental data, the calculation of univariant facies differentiation indexes indicates that the interference from porosity and permeability can not be eliminated. A relation curve of displacement pressure difference to final displacement efficiency is obtained by standardizing the displacement pressure difference. Rules of influence of sedimentary microfacies' displacement pressure difference upon final displacement efficiency are found out.
    • 石油工程
  • Real-time monitoring test of casing damage with acoustic emission technology LI Jun, CHEN Mian, LIU Gong-hui
    LI Jun; CHEN Mian and LIU Gonghui
    , 2006, 33(2): 1273-0.
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    Based on the pilot test with simulative casing, the complete set of real-time monitoring test equipment used to study the casing damage problem was established and improved. Experimental results with several typical casings show that the relationship between acoustic emission signals and the corresponding deformation ones is clear during the casing distorting process. The casing acoustic signals can be divided into three phases. In the first phase, the acoustic signals are frequent but not strong, which is mainly caused by the closure of the intrinsic cracks. In the second phase, the acoustic signals are less. The new cracks appear sparse and the casing deforms smoothly. In the third phase, the acoustic signals are frequent and strong. Lots of new cracks appear and the casing collapses rapidly. With the clear three-phase features of the acoustic signals, the degree of casing damage can be estimated indirectly. The achievement p
  • Research and application of the multi-layer fracturing and flowing back without pulling string technology
    ZHANG Yanchen; YU Zhendong and FAN Xuejun
    , 2006, 33(2): 1274-0.
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    The multi-layer fracturing and flowing back without pulling string technology is discussed. The technology can fracture one layer or two layers, and finish flowing back and the production testing after fracturing without pulling string; with the reasonable design of string structure and downhole tools, the pressure monitoring and well temperature measuring can be finished, and a complete set of technology is formed that contains multi-layer fracturing, flowing back, production testing, pressure monitoring after fracturing. The technology was applied to 5 wells of Daqing peripheral oilfields and the Hailar area and good results were obtained, the success rate was 100%. This technology can meet the need of uninterrupted growth of petroleum exploration and development and link up the production test working procedure more closely. It not only reduces the soak time of fracturing fluid to oil pay, the damage scale of oil pay, and the cost of operation, but also improves the operation environment and realizes non-pollution operations.
    • 资源评价与管理
  • Petroleum engineering project management
    LUO Dongkun and DING Zhiguo
    , 2006, 33(2): 1275-0.
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    The paper investigated principal-agent models and the incentive and restraint mechanism in the management of petroleum projects. The importance of the incentive, supervision and selection mechanism for petroleum project management was discussed. Service companies would not try their best to actualize oil companies' biggest benefits and adverse selection cannot be avoided unless oil majors use effective contracts to prompt contractors. Oil companies can't restrict service companies effectively unless they supervise the contractor's work. In the optimal contracts, incentive index is in the negative correlation with projects' uncertainty, contractor's marginal cost and its risk elusion coefficient, and it is in the positive correlation with contractor's marginal productivity. The factors influencing incentive index can assemble different types of contracts. In the optimal supervision level, when contractor's marginal productivity is high and marginal cost is low, it is easier to supervise and the marginal revenue of supervision is high. It is possible to offset the difficulty of monitoring by reinforcing punishment. Incentive contracts can decrease the harm of adverse selection. Construction of dynamic alliance can further strengthen incentive effect, reduce moral hazard and resolve adverse selection problems.
  • Economic evaluation and decision method of oilfield development adjusting project
    YANG Xueyan and ZHANG GuangJie
    , 2006, 33(2): 1276-0.
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    The effective modes of infill drilling projects,the corresponding distribution patterns of cash flow increment, characteristics of economic evaluation indices,and the connection between indices were studied.The conventional cash flow distribution pattern occurred when the infill drilling increased recovery reserves only and net present value being more than zero may be the basic standard of the project feasibility. The unconventional cash flow distribution pattern occurred when the infill drilling increased both recovery reserves and production rate, or only enhanced production rate; correspondingly，net present value of project might be more than zero, but accumulation cash flow increment less than zero. For ensuring the long effects of project benefits, the accumulation cash increment flow being more than zero is one of the important standards. Proper economic evaluation period is important for correct evaluation of the project.
    • 国际交流与合作
  • Diagenetic evolution and characteristics of Lower Cretaceous clastic reservoir of B Basin, South Chad
    CHEN Zhongmin; LIU Luofu; BIAN Dezhi; DOU Lirong; HUANG Xianxiong and XIAO Kunye
    , 2006, 33(2): 1277-0.
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) Knowledge map Save
    The diagenesis of the clastic reservoir in Lower Cretaceous of B Basin in South Chad, Central Africa, can mainly be ascribed to the B substage of the early diagenetic stage to the B substage of the late diagenetic stage. The mechanical compaction, pressure solution, cementation and dissolution have strong influences on the reservoir qualities. The key to the good quality reservoir is leached grains and the dissolutions of the early and late carbonate cements, framework grains (feldspar, volcanic fragments) and clay cements. Diagenesis facies in Lower Cretaceous of B Basin can be divided into three sets, namely grains moldic, dissolution and extensive quartz overgrowth facies. The dominant factors of diagenesis and evolution of the clastic reservoirs in Lower Cretaceous are textural and compositional maturities, tectonic environment and the infilling time of hydrocarbon.
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