QIAN Bin, ZHU Juhui, YANG Hai, LIANG Xing, YIN Congbin, SHI Xiaozhi, LI Deqi, LI Junlong, FANG Hui
1. Down-hole Service Company of CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company Limited, Chengdu 610051, China; 2. PetroChina Zhejiang Oilfield Company, Hangzhou 310013, China; 3. China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
Abstract:By using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and CT scanning technologies, hydration experiments have been conducted on shale samples from the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Zhaotong area in North Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces under the confining pressure of 10 MPa to study the effect of hydration on the propagation of pores and natural fractures in shale formation. The results show that the hydration not only offsets the permeability drop caused by stress sensitivity, but makes the fracture network more complicated, the connection between fractures and pores better with larger volume, and permeability higher by facilitating the dilation, propagation and cross-connection of primary pores, natural fractures, and newly created micro-fissures; hydration damage mainly occurs along the bedding plane or the direction of primary fractures; samples with relatively-developed primary pores and fractures are most affected by hydration, samples with well-developed primary pores and natural fractures are less affected by hydration, samples with only pores are least affected by hydration; and the hydration intensity of shale plugs is affected by the development of primary pores and fractures, clay content and brittleness index jointly. Therefore, in shale reservoir stimulation, it is suggested that the pumping schedule, shut-in operation or clean-up with small choke during early flow-back process be considered according to the features of shale reservoir to enhance the complexity and connection of facture network and improve the stimulation effect.
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